The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: II

Baker, Laura A.; Barton, Mafalda; Lozano, Dora Isabel; Raine, Adrian; Fowler, James H.

doi:10.1375/183242706779462912

Cited by 36 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…39 Families with twin children of eligible age were sent letters describing the study. Approximately 70% of the 860 families eligible for recruitment participated in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Psychopathic Traits Moderate Relationships Between Parental Affect and Child Aggression

Yeh¹,

Chen²,

Raine³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective Previous studies show that children with psychopathic traits may be less responsive to parenting. While harsh/inconsistent parenting is associated with increased problem behaviors in children low on psychopathic traits, children high on psychopathic traits show consistently high levels of problem behavior regardless of negative parenting. Moderating effects of child psychopathy on positive dimensions of parenting have not been explored. Method We applied multi-level regression models to test for interactions between child psychopathic traits and both positive and negative parental affect on individual differences in both reactive and proactive aggression in a community-based sample of 1,158 children aged 9–10. Results There were significant associations between psychopathy, and positive and negative parental affect with both forms of aggression. Child psychopathic traits also moderated effects of positive and negative parental affect. Children low on psychopathic traits showed decreasing reactive aggression as positive parental affect increased, and increasing levels of reactive aggression as negative parental affect increased, but children high on psychopathic traits showed more stable levels of reactive aggression regardless of levels of parental affect. Proactive aggression was more strongly associated with negative parental affect among children with higher levels of psychopathic traits. Conclusions In a community sample of pre-adolescent children, child psychopathic traits were shown to moderate the effects of parental affect on aggression. Reactive aggression in children high on psychopathic traits appears less responsive to variations in either positive or negative parenting. In contrast, child psychopathic traits may exacerbate the effects of high levels of negative parental effect on proactive aggression.

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“…39 Families with twin children of eligible age were sent letters describing the study. Approximately 70% of the 860 families eligible for recruitment participated in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample is representative of the ethnic and socio-economic diversity of the greater Los Angeles area. 39 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Psychopathic Traits Moderate Relationships Between Parental Affect and Child Aggression

Yeh¹,

Chen²,

Raine³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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“…The present study is based on 605 sets of identical (monozygotic, MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic, DZ) 9-and 10-year-old twins and triplets (mean age = 9.60, sd = 0.58) who participated in a larger study of behavior problems at the University of Southern California (see Baker et al 2007 for a detailed description of the sample recruitment and larger study). Subjects were recruited from the Los Angeles community, and the sample is representative of the ethnic and socio-economic diversity of the greater Los Angeles area.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on Words: A Twin Study of Reading and Inattention

2007

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The etiology of variation in reading ability and its relationship to inattention, impulsivity, and general cognitive ability were investigated within a large, population-based sample of 9- to 10-year-old twins. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on word-level reading, full-scale IQ, and measures of inattention and impulsivity derived from the Go-NoGo task (i.e., Go errors and NoGo errors, respectively). Moderate and significant phenotypic correlations were found among reading, inattention and IQ, but not between impulsivity and the other variables. Genetic modeling revealed that genetic and shared environmental influences largely accounted for variation in reading, inattention, and IQ and covariation among them, whereas specific environmental influences contributed primarily to variation in impulsivity. Acting through a common factor, a portion of the genetic influences on reading ability appeared to be shared with influences affecting IQ as well as those affecting inattention. The contribution of phonological awareness to the remaining unique genetic influences on reading was explored through additional analyses. A two-common-factor model was revealed, with a strongly genetic general cognitive ability factor affecting reading, inattention, and IQ, and an equally strongly genetic second common factor, which captured the variability in reading ability that was related specifically to phonological processing. The processes involved in reading, therefore, seem to involve genetic and environmental influences that are part of both a general cognitive system and a system more specific to reading and phonology.

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“…The participants for the current study were part of the ongoing University of Southern California Twin Study, a longitudinal study that has followed different sets of twins since they were 9-to 10-years old to assess the various risk factors for antisocial behavior (see Baker et al, 2006 for a complete description). Psychopathic personality traits were assessed when the twins were between the ages of 9-10 (Wave 1), 11-13 (Wave 2), and 14-15 (Wave 3) using both a self report and caregiver report of the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS; Lynam, 1997).…”

Section: Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (Ftnd) and Smoking Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus both AIC and BIC have to be considered in practical research. The utility of the Monte Carlo simulation was demonstrated through the analysis of Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ)(Raine, 1997) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data in a sample collected from the USC Twin Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (Baker et al, 2006). All analyses were conducted in the Mplus software.…”

Section: Alcohol Dependence Predicts Delayed Marriage In Men: Findingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Genetics Association 39th Annual Meeting Abstracts

2009

Behav Genet

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In the conceptualization of the revisions to the substance use disorders section for DSM-V, one action item has emerged as vital: the exclusion of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome in DSM-IV. There is now overwhelming evidence supporting the existence of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome, from both laboratory studies and epidemiological investigations. Item response analyses also demonstrate that the criterion of cannabis withdrawal in general population settings exhibits high difficulty but also superior discrimination making it a criterion that might help distinguish affected individuals at a higher end of the liability continuum. Despite this growing urgency for inclusion of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome in DSM-V, relatively little is known of the role of familial influences on cannabis withdrawal and whether it enhances the magnitude of familial variance in the composite cannabis use disorders measure. Using data on large multiplex families ascertained primarily for alcoholism and corresponding control individuals, both part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA, N = 3097 individuals reporting 21 or more instances of cannabis use in a single year), we (a) examine familial correlations between 7 individual withdrawal items (irritability, trouble sleeping, trembling, sweat/fever, nausea, gastrointestinal problems and appetite change) and the putative cannabis withdrawal criterion for DSM-V; (b) conduct item response modeling to investigate the utility of the addition of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome to the existing measure of cannabis use disorders; and (c) investigate preliminary evidence for criterion-specific familial influences on the withdrawal syndrome. Models were fit in MPlus (v5). Thirty-one percent of the COGA participants who had used cannabis 21? times in a single year endorsed 1 or more cannabis withdrawal symptoms-the most commonly endorsed symptom was experiencing tension, nervousness, restlessness and/or irritability (24.5%). Inclusion of withdrawal as a criterion increased the prevalence of cannabis dependence (without clustering) from 38.3% to 39.8%. Sibling and parent-offspring correlations for endorsing any 1 symptom were 0.27 and 0.18, respectively. Underlying the 7 withdrawal items was a single factor (loadings ranging from 0.39 to 0.69). Furthermore, underlying the 3 DSM-IV abuse (excluding legal problems) and 6 DSM-IV dependence criteria (excluding withdrawal) was a liability continuum-withdrawal (each of the 7 items; endorsing 1 symptom; relief from 3 or more symptoms) loaded well (0.88-0.93) on this underlying continuum and provided increased measurement precision. Using multiple indicator multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, we found that after accounting for sibling similarity for cannabis use disorders, there was no evidence for an additional association between proband and sibling withdrawal. The current analyses suggest that cannabis withdrawal is integral to the assessment of cannabis use disorders. In this sample of dense, multiplex families, cannabis withdra...

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The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: II

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Child Psychopathic Traits Moderate Relationships Between Parental Affect and Child Aggression

Child Psychopathic Traits Moderate Relationships Between Parental Affect and Child Aggression

Focus on Words: A Twin Study of Reading and Inattention

Behavior Genetics Association 39th Annual Meeting Abstracts

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