The Southern Atlantic Forest: Use, Degradation, and Perspectives for Conservation

Carlucci, Marcos B.; Marcilio-Silva, Vinícius; Torezan, José Marcelo Domingues

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55322-7_5

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This biome houses many of the most densely populated state capitals and cities and two of Brazil's main megalopoli, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Together, they are inhabited by more than 50 million people, who directly depend on the ecosystem services of the forests (Carlucci et al, 2021;Pires et al, 2021).…”

Section: Atlantic Rainforest and Dense Montane Rainforestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Ecological Conflicts in a Global South Metropolis: Opportunities and Threats of a Potential Greenway in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region

Moreno

Braga

Xavier

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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Greenways are a measure of environmental remediation within a broad framework aimed at promoting urban greening and adaptation to climate change. The typical characteristics of large urban agglomerations, including land use (such as commercial, industrial, and residential areas) with few public spaces and fragmented landscapes, make it difficult to apply these solutions to the urban fabric, forcing decision-makers and planners to act in informal settlements, highways, and industrial parks. One proposed area is an enclave with unused or underutilized lots, where fragments of the Atlantic Forest, parks, landfills, and rapidly expanding informal settlements can be found. This manuscript examines the socioeconomic and environmental processes that shaped this potential urban greenway between Santo André, Mauá, and Ribeirão Pires, which are part of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPRM), the largest in South America. A survey was conducted based on municipal and regional plans, the environmental and urban laws of Brazil, and the socioeconomic history of this part of the SPRM. In addition, satellite images were used to analyze land use evolution through geotechnologies. Finally, we prepared land use recommendations, considering opportunities and threats, highlighting the possibilities of protection and expansion of the Atlantic Forest. To this end, we examined the literature on environmental urban planning and design, green infrastructure, and other concepts. This study intends to stimulate researchers, planners, and decision-makers regarding the urban greening process in the Global South. According to the recommendations, this stimulus would develop these concepts according to the real situation of the region, which would combine the protection of wild habitats and urban environmental amenities. However, this effort makes no sense if one of the defining Global South characteristics not addressed is social inequality. Therefore, we recommend that an effort be made to develop and incorporate processes from urban greening in slum upgrading.

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Section: Atlantic Rainforest and Dense Montane Rainforestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Ecological Conflicts in a Global South Metropolis: Opportunities and Threats of a Potential Greenway in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region

Moreno

Braga

Xavier

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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“…Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil had its landscape greatly changed due to colonization, mining activity, logging and, more recently, due to agriculture and pasture (Carlucci et al, 2021). Along the remnants, areas with disturbed sites), can be an efficient strategy to ensure biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: Lessons from a long‐term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest

Cardoso

Capellesso

Britez³

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Although ecological restoration has entered the global agenda to reverse different anthropogenic disturbances, we still know little about how this solution interacts with other conservation strategies, to avoid the progressive loss of species and ecosystem services.2. Here we evaluate one of the pioneering restoration programs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the combination of conservation and restoration efforts has been carried out for 20 years. Specifically, we tested how landscape characteristics, restoration strategies and environmental characteristics affect the results of the restoration of pastures.3. We established 65 circular plots (total 4.0 ha) along restoration areas (3-10 years) and sampled trees and shrubs composing the canopy (DBH ≥ 5 cm) and understorey (DBH < 5 cm, height > 1.3 m). We analysed the landscape metrics (proportion of old-growth forests in 200, 500 and 1,000 m buffers around each plot; and area and distance of the nearest-neighbouring old-growth forests).We explored the multiple effects of landscape, restoration strategy (reforestation, natural regeneration) and environmental variables (soil, pasture grass types) on the species composition and multiple diversity metrics of restoration areas.4. The species composition was very similar among restoration ages and restoration strategies. We found positive and strong effects of old-growth forest (200 m buffer) proportion on the species richness and Shannon diversity (canopy and understorey), above-ground biomass (canopy) and functional diversity (understorey) of restoration areas. The restoration strategies affected forest structure, and, in general, the reforestation strategy increased above-ground biomass, Shannon, functional and phylogenetic diversities (in canopy), and percentage of endemic species and biomass (understorey), when compared to natural regeneration.5. The 20-year experience in the southern Atlantic Forest showed that programs focused on landscape conservation associated with a mixture of restoration strategies (i.e. natural regeneration in larger areas and active restoration in more

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“…This climate is strongly affected by warm air masses originating in the tropical region that travel in the north-south direction throughout the South American continent (Cavalcante et al 2009). The vegetation in this region is mainly the Araucaria Forest, the subtropical formation of the Atlantic Forest biome (Carlucci et al 2021). This vegetation covers large areas in south and Southeastern Brazil, mainly in high and cold plateaus (Duarte et al 2014;Kersten et al 2015;Rezende et al 2015), and it has been dramatically fragmented in recent years due to the expansion of planted forests and agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do trees survive a cyclone? The relative role of individual and site characteristics over mortality

et al. 2021

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Cyclones are an increasing disturbance in the subtropical region of South America, but their impacts over the forests are still poorly documented. Here, we evaluate the effects of an extratropical cyclone over tree mortality in Araucaria Forest remnants in southern Brazil. We surveyed 116 sites (10 × 20 m each) and collected data on all tree individuals presenting DBH ≥ 4.8 cm before (2009) and after (2014) the occurrence of an extratropical cyclone. Using GLM models, we checked how the cyclone occurrence, different plant traits (DBH, trunk branching, wood density, successional group and evolutionary distinctiveness) and site characteristics (basal area, exposure, landscape protection, nearest border distance, cyclone border distance and the presence of native bamboo species) could impact tree mortality. The GLM model selection shows that the lowest AIC model considers all predictors separately and their interaction with the cyclone. The results showed that the cyclone occurrence and some site characteristics (bamboo presence, site exposure, landscape protection, nearest border distance and cyclone border distance) and plant traits (successional group and evolutionary distinctiveness) are related to tree mortality. The intense deforestation and fragmentation of the Araucaria Forest coupled with the increase in cyclone frequency expected for the region due to climate change may increase mortality rates of these forests, affecting their resilience and phylogenetic structure. Further biodiversity conservation efforts in the Araucaria Forest need to consider the characteristics of sites for enabling the protection of forest remnants in areas under different exposures to cyclone impacts.

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The Southern Atlantic Forest: Use, Degradation, and Perspectives for Conservation

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Socio-Ecological Conflicts in a Global South Metropolis: Opportunities and Threats of a Potential Greenway in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region

Socio-Ecological Conflicts in a Global South Metropolis: Opportunities and Threats of a Potential Greenway in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region

Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: Lessons from a long‐term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest

How do trees survive a cyclone? The relative role of individual and site characteristics over mortality

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