The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp

Vaughan, Herbert G.; Ritter, Walter

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(70)90228-2

Cited by 633 publications

(195 citation statements)

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“…Visual inspection of the entire scalp topography was used to ensure that the response fit the expected pattern (i.e., larger amplitudes frontally/centrally reversing in polarity over mastoids) (Vaughan & Ritter, 1970). As expected, P1, N1, and P2 were most easily identified at Fz.…”

Section: P1-n1-p2 Peak Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Epochs containing artifacts greater than ±100 μV were rejected from averaging. Averaged waveforms were digitally band-pass filtered between 1 and 30 Hz with a 48 dB/octave roll-off.Visual inspection of the entire scalp topography was used to ensure that the response fit the expected pattern (i.e., larger amplitudes frontally/centrally reversing in polarity over mastoids) (Vaughan & Ritter, 1970). As expected, P1, N1, and P2 were most easily identified at Fz.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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Objectives-The objective of this study was to describe the cortical evoked response to silent gaps in a group of young adults with normal hearing using stimulus conditions identical to those used in psychophysical studies of gap detection. Specifically, we sought to examine the P1-N1-P2 auditory evoked response to the onsets of stimuli (markers) defining a silent gap for withinchannel (spectrally identical markers) and across-channel (spectrally different markers) conditions using four perceptually-equated gap durations. It was hypothesized that (1) P1, N1, and P2 would be present and consistent for 1st marker (before the gap) onsets; (2) for within-channel markers, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker (after the gap) onsets only when the gap was of a duration equal to or larger than the behaviorally measured gap detection threshold; and (3) for the across-channel conditions, P1, N1, and P2 would be present for 2nd marker onsets regardless of gap duration. This is expected due to the additional cue of frequency change following the gap.Design-Twelve young adults (mean age 26 years) with normal hearing participated. Withinchannel and across-channel gap detection thresholds were determined using an adaptive psychophysical procedure. Next, cortical auditory evoked potentials (P1-N1-P2) were recorded with a 32-channel Neuro-scan™ electroencephalogram system using within-channel and acrosschannel markers identical to those used for the psychophysical task and four perceptually weighted gap durations: (1) individual listener's gap detection threshold; (2) above gap detection threshold; (3) below gap detection threshold; and (4) a 1-ms gap identical to the gap in the standard interval of the psychophysical task. P1-N1-P2 peak latencies and amplitudes were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance. A temporal-spatial principal component analysis was also conducted.Results-The latency of P2 and the amplitude of P1, N1, and P2 were significantly affected by the acoustic characteristics of the 2nd marker as well as the duration of the gap. Larger amplitudes and shorter latencies were generally found for the conditions in which the acoustic cues were most salient (e.g., across-channel markers, 1st markers, large gap durations). Interestingly, the temporal-spatial principal component analysis revealed activity elicited by gap durations equal to gap detection threshold in the latency regions of 167 and 183 ms for temporal-parietal and rightfrontal spatial locations.Address for correspondence: Jennifer Lister, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. PCD 1017, Tampa, FL 33620. jlister@cas.usf.edu.. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptConclusions-The cortical response to a silent gap is unique to specific marker characteristics and gap durations among young adults with normal hearing. Specifically, when the onset of the 2nd marker is perceptually salient, the amplitude of the P1-N1-P2 re...

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Section: P1-n1-p2 Peak Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 93%

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

2007

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“…Additional electrodes were placed at the left (LM) and right (RM) mastoids. The reference electrode was placed at the tip of the nose (Vaughan and Ritter, 1970). Horizontal eye movements were monitored using bipolar configurations between F7 and F8 and vertical eye movements were monitored with Fp1 and an electrode placed below the left eye.…”

Section: Data Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological evidence for context-dependent encoding of sensory input in human auditory cortex

Sussman

Steinschneider

2006

Brain Research

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Attention biases the way in which sound information is stored in auditory memory. Little is known, however, about the contribution of stimulus-driven processes in forming and storing coherent sound events. An electrophysiological index of cortical auditory change detection (mismatch negativity [MMN]) was used to assess whether sensory memory representations could be biased toward one organization over another (one or two auditory streams) without attentional control. Results revealed that sound representations held in sensory memory biased the organization of subsequent auditory input. The results demonstrate that context-dependent sound representations modulate stimulusdependent neural encoding at early stages of auditory cortical processing.

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“…Early electroencephalographic (EEG) work based on topographical studies of human auditory evoked potentials concluded that auditory evoked potentials in the 20-60 msec latency range were generated in the posterior temporal lobe (Vaughan and Ritter 1970); however, other workers found the P50 potential still to be present after bilateral lesions of the temporal lobe (Woods et al 1984). Depth recording electrodes passing vertically and medially to the primary auditory cortex on the superior temporal gyrus failed to find a reversal across the Sylvian fissure, as did electrodes passing along the long axis of the temporal lobe from the occipital cortex to the tip of the temporal lobe (Goff et al 1980).…”

Section: The P50 Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

Hall

Huitt

Thapa

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-Quantitative measures of pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe processes were compared to evaluate quantitative measures of these deficits in Ex-Preterm vs. Ex-Term adolescents.Methods-We compared 43 Ex-Preterm with 26 Ex-Term adolescents using the P50 auditory potential, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), a reaction time (RT) test, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS).Results-The mean amplitude (±SE) of the P50 amplitude was similar in the Ex-Preterm (1.8 ±1.4µv) vs. Ex-Term adolescents (1.8±0.6µv, df=68, F=0.05, p=0.8), but the Ex-Preterm group showed a trimodal distribution in amplitude (High, 3.3±0.4 µv,df=42.25, F=19.2, p<0.01; Medium, 1.7±0.1 µv, df=39, F=0.41, p=0.53; Low, 0.7±0.1 µv, df=40, F=49.5, p<0.01) suggested by statistically significant variance between populations (Kolmogorov-Kuiper test, df=42.25, F=5.4, p<0.01). Mean RT was longer in Ex-Preterm (250±8 msec) vs. Ex-Term subjects (200±5 ms, df=68, F=18.8, p<0.001). PVT lapses were increased in Ex-Preterm subjects, and varied inversely with P50 amplitude (Overall Mean 17±5 lapses, df=67, F=5.34, p<0.05; Low P50 amplitude, 25±10, df=40, F=8.8, p<0.01; Medium, 21±11, df=38, F=5.37, p<0.05; High, 6±2, df=39, F=6.78, p<0.01) vs. ExTerm subjects (2±0.4 lapses, p<0.01). NIRS levels did not differ statistically, but tended to correlate with P50 amplitude in the Ex-Preterm group.Conclusions-These findings suggest differential pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe dysfunction in ex-preterm adolescents.Significance-These measures could provide a means to objectively assess differential dysregulation of arousal and attention in Ex-Preterm adolescents, allowing optimization of therapeutic designs.

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The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp

Cited by 633 publications

References 20 publications

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

Cortical Evoked Response to Gaps in Noise: Within-Channel and Across-Channel Conditions

Neurophysiological evidence for context-dependent encoding of sensory input in human auditory cortex

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

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