1946
DOI: 10.1121/1.1902419
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The Sound Spectrograph

Abstract: FK;. 1. Illustrating one method which has been used in the past to show how vocal resonances change with time. This is a series of harmonic analyses of successive periods of the vowel in the word "out." 19

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Cited by 122 publications
(76 citation statements)
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“…The description of spectral analysis by Koenig, Dunn, and Lacy (1946) gives a good example of frequency modulation, in which a sine-wave tone is varied (in frequency) sinusoidally, and the authors comment that "when warble rate is comparable to the filter width the warble breaks up into discrete side-band frequencies". Analysis of a varying rate of broadband pulses is presented also, showing clearly the repetition-rate information.…”
Section: Figmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The description of spectral analysis by Koenig, Dunn, and Lacy (1946) gives a good example of frequency modulation, in which a sine-wave tone is varied (in frequency) sinusoidally, and the authors comment that "when warble rate is comparable to the filter width the warble breaks up into discrete side-band frequencies". Analysis of a varying rate of broadband pulses is presented also, showing clearly the repetition-rate information.…”
Section: Figmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is especially important with the advent of analyzers permitting expanded scales with different portions of the spectrum opened and drawn full-width during analysis. The statement of the effective filter bandwidth (as was given by Koenig, Dunn and Lacy, 1946) reduces ambiguities resulting from speed changes and helps keep in focus some of the various artifacts of the machine. The filter bandwidth just as surely labels the parameters of the discrimination offrequency and time as the scales define which frequencies and times are portrayed.…”
Section: Figmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The problem of detecting tracks in a spectrogram (also known as a LOFARgram, periodogram, sonogram, or spectral waterfall), particularly in underwater environments, has been investigated since the spectrogram's introduction in the mid 1940s by Koenig et al [26]. Research into the use of automatic detection methods increased with the advent of reliable computational algorithms during the 1980s, 1990s and early 21st century.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sound spectrogram was first introduced during World War II for military purposes. The Bell laboratories in 1941 successfully developed a voice visualization instrument called sound spectrograph for mapping a voice onto a graph (Koenig et al, 1946). The instrument was initially used to identify enemy voices on telephones and radios, and has gradually become an indispensable tool in speech analysis and phonetics studies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%