The sonochemical and microwave-assisted synthesis of nanosized YAG particles

Abstract

Nanoparticles of YAG were prepared by sonochemistry and by microwave radiation. In both cases, the last stage of the preparation was annealing at a high temperature, which led to a highly aggregated product. To reduce the aggregation we have added k-carrageenan (a sugar) to the reaction mixture. The effect of the sugar is presented and discussed herein.

Self-assembled plasmonic templates produced by microwave annealing: applications to surface-enhanced Raman scattering

“…While MWA is a well-known processing method for ceramics [36][37][38], it has not been implemented for metals for the fundamental reason of the skin depth of microwave radiation at the surface of metals being exceptionally small; as a result, the microwave energy is reflected by the metal surface and is not delivered to the material itself. However when the size of the metal is comparable or smaller than the skin depth of microwave radiation, the energy of the electric field can pass through it and delivered to the substrate [39].…”

Upconversion emissions in YAG glass ceramics doped with Tm3+/Yb3+ ions

“…Their average size is $8 lm, much larger than $46 nm calculated by Scherrer equation. The main reason is that the primary nanocrystals with high energy would assemble with interface matching coherently to minimize the surface energy and sinter by the heat treatment process [41,42]. Combined with the XRD and SEM results, it is obvious that after heat treatment, the glass ceramics containing YAG crystal phase were formed in the Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ doped LYAS mother glasses.…”

Rare-earth-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanophosphors: synthesis, surface functionalization, and applications in thermoluminescence dosimetry and nanomedicine

“…Letichevsky et al [52] employed the sonochemical method to synthesize YAG nanoparticles. This procedure deals with the ultrasonic irradiation of the precursor solution for 1 h at a pH of 7-8.…”

“…Letichevsky et al [52] Hydrothermal homogenous precipitation Ce 3+ Spherical particles with a size of 200 nm Yang et al [55] Co-precipitation -Irregular morphology of dispersed particles with an average size of 50 nm You et al [41] Nd 3+ Agglomerated particles with a uniform size of 80-100 nm Qin et al [39] -Uniform spherical morphology with a diameter of 500 nm Xu et al [40] -Approximately spherical with an average size of ~40 nm Vaidhyanathan et al [47] Microwave RE 3+ (RE = Pr, Tm, Tb, Ce, Eu, Nd, Er;Yb) Spherical nanoparticles with an average size of ~105 nm Jain et al [48] Combustion Pr 3+ Aggregated irregular nanoparticles with an average size of 78 ± 5.9 nm Sengar et al [12] Ce 3+ Weakly agglomerated, elongated nanoparticles with a size of 30-60 nm Huczko et al [36] Pr 3+ Aggregated mass of irregular nanoparticles with an average size of ~80 nm Jung et al [26] and polyethylene glycol was used as a surfactant to prevent agglomeration. The products were kept at an ultrasonic vibrating frequency of 2.1 × 10 6 Hz to obtain an elongated mass of well-dispersed nanoparticles 50 nm in size.…”