The Solubility and Stabilization of Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and Paleoclimatic Implications for Thinolite Tufa

Bischoff, James L.; Fitzpatrick, Joan; Rosenbauer, Robert J.

doi:10.1086/648194

Cited by 177 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

135

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2). Natural occurrences of ikaite appear to have water temperatures of 3 • C or lower (Pauley, 1963;Bischoff et al, 1993;Larsen, 1994;Omelon et al, 2001), which is in excellent agreement with our model calculation. In the Dieckmann et al (2008) paper that recently identified ikaite formation in sea ice, great care was taken to keep the temperature of the isolated ikaite crystals between 0 and 2 • C during sample analyses because ikaite easily decomposes at higher temperatures Salinity/temperature ranges for seawater S A -T -P models forming calcite crystals (Omelon et al, 2001;Dieckmann et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater SA–T–P models

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. At the present time, little is known about how broad salinity and temperature ranges are for seawater thermodynamic models that are functions of absolute salinity (S A ), temperature (T ) and pressure (P ). Such models rely on fixed compositional ratios of the major components (e.g., Na/Cl, Mg/Cl, Ca/Cl, SO 4 /Cl, etc.). As seawater evaporates or freezes, solid phases [e.g., CaCO 3 (s) or CaSO 4 2H 2 O(s)] will eventually precipitate. This will change the compositional ratios, and these salinity models will no longer be applicable. A future complicating factor is the lowering of seawater pH as the atmospheric partial pressures of CO 2 increase. A geochemical model (FREZCHEM) was used to quantify the S A -T boundaries at P =0.1 MPa and the range of these boundaries for future atmospheric CO 2 increases. An omega supersaturation model for CaCO 3 minerals based on pseudo-homogeneous nucleation was extended from 25-40 • C to 3 • C. CaCO 3 minerals were the boundary defining minerals (first to precipitate) between 3 • C (at S A =104 g kg −1 ) and 40 • C (at S A =66 g kg −1 ). At 2.82 • C, calcite(CaCO 3 ) transitioned to ikaite(CaCO 3 6H 2 O) as the dominant boundary defining mineral for colder temperatures, which culminated in a low temperature boundary of −4.93 • C. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 from 385 µatm (390 MPa) (in Year 2008) to 550 µatm (557 MPa) (in Year 2100) would increase the S A and t boundaries as much as 11 g kg −1 and 0.66 • C, respectively. The model-calculated calcite-ikaite transition temperature of 2.82 • C is in excellent agreement with ikaite formation in natural environments that occurs at temperatures of 3 • C or lower. Furthermore, these results provide a quantitative theoretical explanation Correspondence to: G. M. Marion (giles.marion@dri.edu) (FREZCHEM model calculation) for why ikaite is the solid phase CaCO 3 mineral that precipitates during seawater freezing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater SA–T–P models

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The association of glendonites with cold conditions stems from the physiochemical requirements for ikaite precipitation, namely low temperatures (− 1.9 to + 7 °C), high alkalinity, and elevated concentrations of orthophosphate (Suess et al, 1982;Bischoff et al, 1993). Upon exposure to higher temperatures, ikaite becomes unstable and transforms to calcite.…”

Section: Glendonitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold climate in the eastern Australian mid to late Permian may reflect cold upwelling waters

Jones

Frank

Fielding

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Important carbonate minerals that can precipitate along this limb are nesquehonite (MgCO 3 · 3H 2 O), lansfordite (MgCO 3 · 5H 2 O), nahcolite (NaHCO 3 ), thermonatrite (Na 2 CO 3 · H 2 O), and trona (Na 2 CO 3 · NaHCO 3 · 2H 2 O) (Bukshtein, Valyashko, and Pel'sh, 1953;Hardie and Eugster, 1970;Ming and Franklin, 1985;Drever, 1997). In cold waters ikaite (CaCO 3 · 6H 2 O) may be the dominant calcium carbonate mineral (Marland, 1975;Bischoff, Fitzpatrick, and Rosenbauer, 1993;Fig. 11.…”

Section: Carbonate Geochemistry In a Freezing-brine Martian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of carbonates in the evolution of early Martian oceans

Morse¹

1999

American Journal of Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Central to the question of life on Mars is whether there has been liquid water on the martian surface and how the planet could have evolved from possible initial warm and wet conditions to the cold and dry present state. Virtually all models for this climatic evolution rely strongly on the removal of an initial thick carbon dioxide atmosphere by precipitation of carbonate minerals from surface waters that may have been quite similar to those of Hadean Eon Earth's oceans. In order for this to occur, a hydrologic cycle would be necessary in which chemical weathering of silicate rocks consumes CO 2 that precipitates as carbonates in an acidic martian ocean which probably had a very high alkalinity. The consumption of atmospheric CO 2 by this process would result in a gradual decrease of the atmospheric greenhouse influence and cooling of the climate.Once the surface of Mars became cold enough so that freezing conditions prevailed, the hydrologic cycle would largely cease, and the uptake of CO 2 by silicate rock weathering would greatly diminish. The alkalinity of the freezing seawater would probably be sufficient to result in the removal of all calcium as calcium carbonate. Some magnesium and sodium would also likely be removed as carbonates as well. The removal of these cations as carbonates has a major influence on the final temperature at which liquid brines would be able to persist on the surface of Mars. During the period of freezing, the oceans would act as a source of CO 2 rather than a sink, further slowing the rate of climate change on Mars.

show abstract

The Solubility and Stabilization of Ikaite (CaCO₃·6H₂O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and Paleoclimatic Implications for Thinolite Tufa

Cited by 177 publications

References 17 publications

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater <i>S<sub>A</sub></i>–<i>T</i>–<i>P</i> models

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater <i>S<sub>A</sub></i>–<i>T</i>–<i>P</i> models

Cold climate in the eastern Australian mid to late Permian may reflect cold upwelling waters

The role of carbonates in the evolution of early Martian oceans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Solubility and Stabilization of Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and Paleoclimatic Implications for Thinolite Tufa

Cited by 177 publications

References 17 publications

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater &lt;i&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; models

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater &lt;i&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; models

Cold climate in the eastern Australian mid to late Permian may reflect cold upwelling waters

The role of carbonates in the evolution of early Martian oceans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Solubility and Stabilization of Ikaite (CaCO₃·6H₂O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and Paleoclimatic Implications for Thinolite Tufa

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater <i>S<sub>A</sub></i>–<i>T</i>–<i>P</i> models

Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their effect on application of seawater <i>S<sub>A</sub></i>–<i>T</i>–<i>P</i> models