The Solid Flame Phenomenon: A Novel Perspective

Mukasyan, Alexander S.; Shuck, Christopher E.; Pauls, Joshua M.; Manukyan, Khachatur V.; Moskovskikh, Dmitry; Рогачев, А. С.

doi:10.1002/adem.201701065

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The goal of the second preparation stage is to introduce nitrogen into the system in the form of metal nitrides, as well as nitrogen solid solutions. This task was accomplished by using energy-saving combustion synthesis method 31 . Supplementary Table S-II demonstrates that the reactions between considered metals and nitrogen are highly exothermic with adiabatic combustion temperature well above 3000 K. The reaction between the metal composite particles and nitrogen was initiated locally by hot tungsten wire, followed by the rapid combustion front propagation along with the media.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely hard and tough high entropy nitride ceramics

Moskovskikh

Vorotilo

Suvorova

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Simultaneously hard and tough nitride ceramics open new venues for a variety of advanced applications. To produce such materials, attention is focused on the development of high-entropy ceramics, containing four or more metallic components distributed homogeneously in the metallic sublattice. While the fabrication of bulk high-entropy carbides and borides is well established, high-entropy nitrides have only been produced as thin films. Herein, we report on a newel three-step process to fabricate bulk high-entropy nitrides. The high-entropy nitride phase was obtained by exothermic combustion of mechanically-activated nanostructured metallic precursors in nitrogen and consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The fabricated bulk high-entropy nitride (Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2)N demonstrates outstanding hardness (up to 33 GPa) and fracture toughness (up to 5.2 MPa∙m1/2), significantly surpassing expected values from mixture rules, as well as all other reported binary and high-entropy ceramics and can be used for super-hard coatings, structural materials, optics, and others. The obtained results illustrate the scalable method to produce bulk high-entropy nitrides with the new benchmark properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely hard and tough high entropy nitride ceramics

Moskovskikh

Vorotilo

Suvorova

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It is found that the two-stage formation of Al 3 Ni proceeds at heating rates above 100 K/s as well as under runaway conditions. For 1000 K/s, the solid-state reaction turns into a "solid flame" 34,35 which is reported for the first time for nanoscale Al/ Ni multilayers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Interestingly, it was recently experimentally verified [34][35][36] that runaway reactions may also proceed in the solid state, sometimes called as ideal solid flame. The melting points of the reactants and products have to be higher than the adiabatic reaction temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of two-stage phase formation for the solid-state runaway reaction in Al/Ni reactive multilayers

Neuhauser

Tinti

Leiste

et al. 2020

Applied Physics Letters

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While extensively studied for heating rates below 1.7 K/s and above 1000 K/s, the solid-state phase transformations in Al/Ni reactive multilayers have not been examined at intermediate heating rates between 100 K/s and 1000 K/s. Combined nanocalorimetry and time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies are utilized to address this range of heating rates for multilayers with an overall composition of 10 at. % Ni and a bilayer thickness of 220 nm. It was found that a two-stage phase formation of Al 3 Ni proceeds up to a heating rate of 1000 K/s. The two growth stages occur in the solid-state and are kinetically separated. The activation energy of the first growth stage is determined to be 137 kJ/mol, which agrees well with the literature data at low heating rates. At 1000 K/s, a transition to a runaway reaction is observed. Unusual for metallic multilayers, the reaction proceeds completely in the solid-state which is also known as "solid flame." Using nanocalorimetry, a critical input power density for ignition of 5.8 Â 10 4 W/cm 3 was determined. The rapid succession of the two Al 3 Ni formation stages was identified as the underlying mechanism for the self-sustaining reaction.

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“…The Nickel and Aluminum binary system in different forms such as particles, powder, flakes, nanorods, and foils, were under intensive investigation since the end of the 20th century [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Fast and steady reaction and releasing a huge amount of energy on a very short time scale are the main beneficial aspects, applied in different fields of science and engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Initial Temperature and Convective Heat Loss on the Self-Propagating Reaction in Al/Ni Multilayer Foils

et al. 2021

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A two-dimensional numerical model for self-propagating reactions in Al/Ni multilayer foils was developed. It was used to study thermal properties, convective heat loss, and the effect of initial temperature on the self-propagating reaction in Al/Ni multilayer foils. For model adjustments by experimental results, these Al/Ni multilayer foils were fabricated by the magnetron sputtering technique with a 1:1 atomic ratio. Heat of reaction of the fabricated foils was determined employing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Self-propagating reaction was initiated by an electrical spark on the surface of the foils. The movement of the reaction front was recorded with a high-speed camera. Activation energy is fitted with these velocity data from the high-speed camera to adjust the numerical model. Calculated reaction front temperature of the self-propagating reaction was compared with the temperature obtained by time-resolved pyrometer measurements. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that all reactants reacted and formed a B2 NiAl phase. Finally, it is predicted that (1) increasing thermal conductivity of the final product increases the reaction front velocity; (2) effect of heat convection losses on reaction characteristics is insignificant, e.g., the foils can maintain their characteristics in water; and (3) with increasing initial temperature of the foils, the reaction front velocity and the reaction temperature increased.

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The Solid Flame Phenomenon: A Novel Perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Extremely hard and tough high entropy nitride ceramics

Extremely hard and tough high entropy nitride ceramics

The role of two-stage phase formation for the solid-state runaway reaction in Al/Ni reactive multilayers

Influence of Initial Temperature and Convective Heat Loss on the Self-Propagating Reaction in Al/Ni Multilayer Foils

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