The SOLAR2000 empirical solar irradiance model and forecast tool

Tobiska, W. Kent; Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F.; Viereck, R. A.; Floyd, L.; Bouwer, D.; Rottman, G. J.; White, O. R.

doi:10.1016/s1364-6826(00)00070-5

Cited by 428 publications

(352 citation statements)

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“…Initial descriptions of the model are provided by Turunen et al [1996], with neutral species modifications described by Verronen et al [2002]. Solar flux is calculated with the SOLAR2000 model (version 2.27) [Tobiska et al, 2000]. The scattered component of the solar Lyman-a flux is included using the empirical approximation given by Thomas and Bowman [1986].…”

Section: Nighttime Riometer Absorption Using the Sodankylä Ion And Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: Testing predictive accuracy

et al. 2007

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[1] In the polar atmosphere, significant chemical and ionization changes occur during solar proton events (SPEs). The access of solar protons to this region is limited by the dynamically changing geomagnetic field. In this study, we have used riometer absorption observations to investigate the accuracy of a model to predict K p -dependent geomagnetic rigidity cutoffs, and hence the changing proton fluxes. The imaging riometer at Halley, Antarctica is ideally situated for such a study, as the rigidity cutoff sweeps back and forth across the instrument's field of view, providing a severe test of the rigidity cutoff model. Using observations from this riometer during five solar proton events, we have confirmed the basic accuracy of this rigidity model. However, we find that the model can be improved by setting a lower K p limit (i.e., K p = 5 instead of 6) at which the rigidity modeling saturates. We also find that, for L > 4.5, the apparent L-shell of the beam moves equatorward. In addition, the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry (SIC) model is used to determine an empirical relationship between integral proton precipitation fluxes and nighttime ionosphere riometer absorption, in order to allow consideration of wintertime SPEs. We find that during the nighttime, the proton flux energy threshold is lowered to include protons with energies of >5 MeV in comparison with >10 MeV for the daytime empirical relationships. In addition, we provide an indication of the southern and northern geographic regions inside which SPEs play a role in modifying the neutral chemistry of the stratosphere and mesosphere.Citation: Clilverd, M. A., C. J. Rodger, T. Moffat-Griffin, and P. T. Verronen (2007), Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: Testing predictive accuracy,

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Section: Nighttime Riometer Absorption Using the Sodankylä Ion And Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: Testing predictive accuracy

et al. 2007

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“…Section 5 describes in more detail the plans to update the physics-based NRLEUV model (Warren, Mariska, and Lean, 2001), the empirical Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) Eparvier, 2007, 2008), and the hybrid Solar Irradiance Platform (SIP) system (Tobiska, , 2008Tobiska and Bouwer, 2006;Tobiska et al, 2000). Physics-based models provide more insight into the causes of the solar variability and better links to the solar image results.…”

Section: Eve Objective 2 -Understand Why Solar Euv Irradiance Variesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They will assist in transitioning EVE research to operations. In particular, EVE data will be used to improve, validate, or constrain solar irradiance models, such as SIP (Tobiska, , 2008Tobiska and Bouwer, 2006;Tobiska et al, 2000), and atmospheric models, such as CTIPe , Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM; Schunk et al, 2004), NRLMSIS , JB2006 (Bowman et al, 2008a), JB2008 (Bowman et al, 2008b), and a newly developed improved density specification model that takes into account an extensive density database and includes direct formulation with the Mg index (Emmert, Picone, and Meier, 2008). These atmospheric models are described in more detail in Section 6.…”

Section: Eve Science Teammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These solar irradiance products have been developed and tested for i) daily time resolution for historical, nowcast, and intermediate-term forecast periods with one-day granularity, one-hour cadence, and onehour latency extending 4.5 months; ii) high time resolution for recent, nowcast, and shortterm forecast periods with three-hour granularity, one-hour cadence, and one-hour latency extending 96 hours; and iii) precision time resolution for recent, current epoch, and nearterm forecast periods with one-minute granularity, two-minute cadence, and five-minute latency extending to six hours. The SIP incorporates empirical and physics-based solar irradiance models such as SOLAR2000 (Tobiska, , 2008Tobiska and Bouwer, 2006;Tobiska et al, 2000) and SOLARFLARE (Tobiska and Bouwer, 2005;Tobiska, 2007) along with reference rocket measurements and real-time satellite data stream systems such as APEX for SOHO/SEM data as well as GOES/XRS and TIMED/SEE data.…”

Section: Sip Hybrid System Of Data and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments

Woods

Eparvier

Hock

et al. 2010

The Solar Dynamics Observatory

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The highly variable solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is the major energy input to the Earth's upper atmosphere, strongly impacting the geospace environment, affecting satellite operations, communications, and navigation. The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will measure the solar EUV irradiance from 0.1 to 105 nm with unprecedented spectral resolution (0.1 nm), temporal cadence (ten seconds), and accuracy (20%). EVE includes several irradiance instruments: The Multiple EUV Grating Spectrographs (MEGS)-A is a grazingincidence spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 5 to 37 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution, and the MEGS-B is a normal-incidence, dual-pass spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 35 to 105 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution. To provide MEGS in-flight calibration, the EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) measures the solar EUV irradiance in broadbands between 0.1 and 39 nm, and a MEGS-Photometer measures the Sun's bright hydrogen emission at 121.6 nm. The EVE data products include a near real-time space-weather product (Level 0C), which provides the solar EUV irradiance in specific bands and also spectra in 0.1-nm intervals with a cadence of one minute and with a time delay of less than 15 minutes. The EVE higher-level products are Level 2 with the solar EUV irradiance at higher time cadence (0.25 seconds for photometers and ten seconds for spectrographs) and Level 3 with averages of the solar irradiance over a day and over each one-hour period. The EVE team also plans to advance existing models of solar EUV irradiance and to operationally use the EVE measurements in models of Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. Improved understanding of the evolution of solar flares and extending the various models to incorporate solar flare events are high priorities for the EVE team.

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“…A new version, SOLAR2000, has been recently developed. It uses a new input parameter named E10.7, computed from a previous version of the code (Tobiska et al, 2000);…”

Section: Euv/uv Models For Aeronomymentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Sun’s atmosphere to the Earth’s atmosphere: an overview of scientific models available for space weather developments

et al. 2002

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Abstract. Space weather aims at setting operational numerical tools in order to nowcast, forecast and quantify the solar activity events, the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere responses and the consequences on our technological societies. These tools can be divided in two parts. The first has a geophysical base (Sun, interplanetary medium, magnetosphere, atmosphere). The second concerns technological applications (telecommunications, spacecraft orbits, power plants ...). In this paper, we aim at giving an overview of the models that belong to the first class (geophysics) that might serve in the future as a basis for building global operational codes. For each model, we consider the physics underneath, the input and output parameters, and whether it is already operational, whether it may become operational in the near future, or if it is an academic research tool. Relevant references are given in order to serve as a starting point for further readings.

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The SOLAR2000 empirical solar irradiance model and forecast tool

Cited by 428 publications

References 28 publications

Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: Testing predictive accuracy

Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: Testing predictive accuracy

Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments

From the Sun’s atmosphere to the Earth’s atmosphere: an overview of scientific models available for space weather developments

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