The soiling of materials in the ambient atmosphere

Hamilton, R.; Mansfield, T.A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90345-l

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Deposition is a three-fold problem. First, mere deposition (or "dry" deposition) can cause area coverage and have a visual effect on the soiled object, a "visual nuisance", as it has been qualified in some of the most relevant investigations [100,101]. Secondly, frequent or intense cleaning might have a negative effect on the underlying surface, as well as being a cost-intensive process.…”

Section: The Consequences Of Deposition Of Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Grau-Bové

Strlič

2013

Herit Sci

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Fine particulate matter is, on account of its aerodynamic properties and typical composition (especially diesel particulate matter and carbonaceous particles) the particulate pollutant potentially most harmful to cultural heritage, representing an aesthetic issue and an agent of chemical degradation simultaneously. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the life-cycle of fine particulates, focussing on diesel particulate matter from emission to deposition, including its aesthetic and chemical consequences, and draws attention to some imbalances in the current state of research. The currently available measurements are biased towards coarse dust, and information on the consequences of particle deposition is largely restricted to the outdoor environment. More evidence on the chemical effects of the most common types of fine particulate matter in typical indoor materials is needed to enable risk assessment for indoor collections.

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Section: The Consequences Of Deposition Of Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Grau-Bové

Strlič

2013

Herit Sci

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“…The results of both exposure experiments allowed the rate of soiling to be related Fig. 4.2 Soiling (as % loss of reflectance) in a road tunnel to atmospheric levels of black smoke and the prevailing meteorological conditions (Hamilton and Mansfield, 1992). In Portugal (Pio et al, 1998) sheltered surfaces showed a continuous decrease in reflectance, which followed a square root equation on exposure time.…”

Section: Temporal Trends and Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possibilities include Total Suspended Particulate matter (TSP), PM 10 , PM 2.5 or Particulate Elemental Carbon (PEC). Light absorption by ambient particles is almost exclusively caused by PEC (Horvath, 1993) and PEC concentrations are due mainly to traffic (particularly diesel) emissions (Hamilton and Mansfield, 1992). A good argument can also be made that particle deposition rate is more appropriate than ambient concentration.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage

2009

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), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Cover illustration: The cover image shows cherubs damaged by both soiling and corrosion. They are on the outside of St Mary Woolnoth, a fine Hawksmoor Church in the City of London. Our thanks to The Revd Andrew Walker for his permission.Printed on acid-free paper springer.com PrefaceManaging the risk to our heritage is, of course, an enormously diverse and complex task, reflecting as it does the tremendous variety of history, style, art and culture that is represented. We have many different types of monument, they are made of many different materials, they range in age over centuries and they are located in radically different environments. Air pollution is only one of the risks that threaten this heritage and may frequently not be the most pressing. In addition we have the added complication that weathering occurs naturally and indeed is often felt to contribute to a sense of age and serenity that is fundamental to the way that we value our ancient buildings.The damage done by air pollution, however, is real, measurable and in many cases obvious. Our industrial development has left us with a legacy of faceless statues and blackened buildings that will take many years to repair and conserve, even when pollution levels are sufficiently reduced to make it sensible to do so. There are important questions to be asked. How much damage has been done and is being done? What is this costing us? How can we be practical in our conservation to prevent unnecessary loss while protecting context and artistic merit? How much value do people actually place on intangibles like the peace of a Gothic Cathedral and how can we account for these very real benefits and others like them (such as the desire to pass on our legacy to our children and grandchildren) in order to help us raise the money to carry out our repairs and maintenance?The threat posed to cultural heritage, especially built heritage, by air pollution has been studied for many years and this book is designed to bring together a number of strands of that research to make it accessible to the people responsible for looking after our historic buildings, monuments and artefacts. It will help both these heritage managers to prioritise conservation action in response to this threat within the context of other risks and also environmental policy makers to evaluate the economic benefit of taking action to improve air quality.We look at the way that buildings weather in the natural environment and then show how pollution adds an extra dimension of damage. We focus on tw...

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“…L'e ncrasseme nt pro vient généraleme nt de la déposition de particu les carbo nées , notamm ent de suies, à la surface des bâtiments. Il existe peu d'études sur l'encrassement, mais quelques fonct ions doseréponse permettent de le mesurer en fonction de la concentration de particules et du temps [9,10].…”

Section: Méthodes D'estimation Des Coûts De Rénovationunclassified

Estimation des coûts attribuables à la pollution de l'air dans le secteur du bâtiment

Rabl¹,

Teulere²

1999

Pollution Atmosphérique

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Cet article a pour objet d'établir une évaluation monétaire des dommages sur les bâtiments imputables aux émiss ions polluan tes en France. Bien qu'il n'existe pas d'inventaire détaillé des matériaux du parc immobilier français qui permette de quantifier les réactions des matériaux de const ruction aux dive rs polluants, des données sur le montant et la fréquence des dépenses de rénovation sont disponibles auprès de la Direction Générale des Impôts. Une analyse statistique de ces dé penses met en évidence le rôle prépo ndé rant du revenu dans une déc isio n de rénover un bâtiment. Tandis que les dépe nses augmentent avec la conce ntration de part icules, aucune corré lation positive entre ces dépenses de protection et les concentrations de S02 n'a pu être décelée. Nous en avons donc conclu qu'en France, c'est l'état d'encrassement des façades (dû aux particu les) et non le niveau d'érosion (dû au S02) qui semble l'emporter dans la décision de ravaler. À l'aide de ces donn ées, nous avo ns alors pu définir une fonction dose-réponse qui expri me le coût annuel moye n par personne des dépenses de rénovation en fonction de la concentration ambiante des particules. Nous montrons que le coût total (dépenses de rénovation + perte d'aménité) est environ le double des dépenses de rénovation. Nous avons également analysé les données disp onibl es pou r les dépenses de restauration des monuments historiques. La compa raison avec une estimat ion des domm ages de la pollution sur la santé mont re que les dommages des bâtiments imputables à la pollution sont plus faibles de deux ordres de grandeur.

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The soiling of materials in the ambient atmosphere

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage

Estimation des coûts attribuables à la pollution de l'air dans le secteur du bâtiment

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