Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Grau-Bové, Josep; Strlič, Matija

doi:10.1186/2050-7445-1-8

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Particulate matter is a potential threat to objects in the museums due to soiling and chemical reactions from harmful compounds inside the particles or on the surface between the particle and the deposited surface. The chemical composition of particles is an important factor which affects the preservation of objects inside museums [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, the viable, cultivable microorganism load (bacteria and fungi) in the air inside museums has been identified as a major problem for the deterioration of cultural heritage objects [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/outdoor particulate matter concentrations and microbial load in cultural heritage collections

et al. 2015

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Background: Particulate matter, microorganisms in air and environmental conditions present a potential risk to museum collections. There are also limited studies of simultaneous measurements of airborne particles and microorganisms inside museums and the effects of seasonal variations. Therefore, extensive indoor/outdoor measurements of particulate matter mass/number concentrations and viable, cultivable microbial load were performed in two museums and a library in Greece for a period of 2 years at selected time intervals. The culture heritage collections are located at coastal (Historical Museum of Crete in Heraklion), urban (Criminology Museum of the University of Athens) and mountainous (Neophytos Doukas Library in Zagori) environments and their collections consist mainly of organic materials. Measurements of inhalable particulate mass (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1) and viable, cultivable airborne microorganism concentrations (heterotrophic bacteria, cellulose metabolizing bacteria, acid producing bacteria and mesophilic fungi) in air were performed. Results and conclusions: The indoor PM 10 and microbial concentrations were higher than the outdoor levels showing the influence of the indoor sources, such as the presence of people and indoor activities, as well as, anthropogenic outdoor sources, and natural emissions. Elevated PM 1 particle number concentrations were also encountered in the Historical Museum of Crete in Heraklion and the Criminology Museum of the University of Athens due to the high anthropogenic emissions of the urban areas. The lowest concentrations of viable, cultivable airborne microorganisms were measured in the Historical Museum of Crete at the coastal site, which encounters also well controlled microclimatic conditions. In comparison to the other two naturally ventilated sites, the highest concentrations of viable, cultivable airborne fungi were measured in the Neophytos Doukas Library at the mountainous site, whereas the highest concentrations of viable, cultivable airborne heterotrophic bacteria were measured in the Criminology Museum of the University of Athens at an urban site, where mummified tissues and dry specimens are exhibited. The closed showcases of the two museums and the library could only protect the exhibits from viable, cultivable airborne fungi, but not from specific categories of bacteria. Acid producing bacteria in the Historical Museum of Crete, cellulose metabolizing bacteria in the Neophytos Doukas Library, and opportunistic pathogenic heterotrophic bacteria in the Criminology Museum of the University of Athens showed to be enriched inside the closed showcases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/outdoor particulate matter concentrations and microbial load in cultural heritage collections

et al. 2015

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“…In these environments, an inappropriate ventilating or air-conditioning systems may cause fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity. If the microclimate parameters are not stable, biological particles can evolve in a potential threat to objects and humans [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The exposure to some microorganisms, in particular Staphylococcus sp., thermophiles actinomycetes or mycetes, such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aureobasidium may induce illness as rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma or alveolitis in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi and Bacteria in Indoor Cultural Heritage Environments: Microbial-related Risks for Artworks and Human Health

Carlo¹,

Chisesi²,

Barresi³

et al. 2016

eer

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Cultural heritage constitutive materials can provide excellent substrates for microbial colonization, highly influenced by thermo-hygrometric parameters. In cultural heritage-related environments, a detrimental microbial load may be present both on manufacts surface and in the aerosol. In this study, bacterial and fungal colonisation has been investigated in three Sicilian confined environments (archive, cave and hypogea), each with peculiar structures and different thermo-hygrometric parameters. Particular attention has been paid to microorganisms able to induce artifacts biodeterioration and to release biological particles in the aerosol (spores, cellular debrides, toxins and allergens) potentially dangerous for the human health (visitors/users). Results provided information on the composition of the biological consortia, highlighting also the symbiotic relationships between micro (cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi) and macro-organisms (plants, bryophyte and insects). The results of this integrated approach, including molecular biology techniques, are essential for a complete understanding of both microbial colonization of the cultural objects and the potential relationship with illness to human.

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“…As shown, the PM 2.5 concentration in the chamber gradually decreases over time, attributed to PM deposition in the chamber by gravity and Brownian motion. [28][29][30] According to previous studies, the highest deposition rates occur for the largest particles of ∼1-10 µm, which are governed mostly by gravity and tend to settle on horizontal surfaces, and for the smallest particles of ∼0.01-0.1 µm, which are mostly governed by Brownian motion and tend to diffuse and collide with the floor, walls, or ceiling of the chamber. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of convection phenomenon by high-performance transparent heater based on Pt-decorated Ni micromesh

Kim

et al. 2017

AIP Advances

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In this study, we report for the first time on the convection phenomenon for the consistent and sensitive detection of target materials (particulate matter (PM) or gases) with a high-performance transparent heater. The high-performance transparent heater, based on Pt-decorated Ni micromesh, was fabricated by a combination of transfer printing process and Pt sputtering. The resulting transparent heater exhibited excellent mechanical durability, adhesion with substrates, flexibility, and heat-generating performance. We monitored the changes in the PM concentration and temperature in an airtight chamber while operating the heater. The temperature in the chamber was increased slightly, and the PM2.5 concentration was increased by approximately 50 times relative to the initial state which PM is deposed in the chamber. We anticipate that our experimental findings will aid in the development and application of heaters for sensors and actuators as well as transparent electrodes and heating devices.

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Fine particulate matter in indoor cultural heritage: a literature review

Cited by 73 publications

References 121 publications

Indoor/outdoor particulate matter concentrations and microbial load in cultural heritage collections

Indoor/outdoor particulate matter concentrations and microbial load in cultural heritage collections

Fungi and Bacteria in Indoor Cultural Heritage Environments: Microbial-related Risks for Artworks and Human Health

Observation of convection phenomenon by high-performance transparent heater based on Pt-decorated Ni micromesh

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