The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth

Abstract

In the present animal experiment, analyses and comparisons were made between the structure and composition of clinically healthy supraalveolar soft tissues adjacent to implants and teeth. 5 beagle dogs were used. The right mandibular premolar region was selected in each dog for placement of titanium implants, while the left mandibular premolar region served as control. Extractions of the mandibular premolars were preformed, healing allowed, following which titanium fixtures were installed in the edentolous premolar region. Abutment connection was carried out 3 months later. After another 2 months of healing, plaque control was initiated and maintained for 8 weeks. At the end of the plaque control period, clinical examinations were performed and biopsies harvested from the implant site and the contralateral premolar tooth region. Following fixation and decalcification, all tissue samples were embedded in EPON and examined by histometric and morphometric means. The result from the analyses demonstrated that the periimplant mucosa which formed at titanium implants following abutment connection had many features in common with gingival tissue at teeth. Thus, like the gingiva, the peri-implant mucosa established a cuff-like barrier which adhered to the surface of the titanium abutment. Further, both the gingiva and the peri-implant mucosa had a well-keratinized oral epithelium which was continuous with a junctional epithelium that faced the enamel or the titanium surface. In the periimplant mucosa, the collagen fibers appeared to commence at the marginal bone and were parallel with the abutment surface. All gingival and periimplant units examined were free from infiltrates of inflammatory cells. It was suggested that under the conditions of study, both types of soft tissues, gingiva and periimplant mucosa, have a proper potential to prevent subgingival plaque formation.

How do peri‐implant biologic parameters correspond with implant survival and peri‐implantitis? A critical review

“…Soft tissue around implants has also been found thicker than around teeth. This was first described in animals (Berglundh et al., 1991) and confirmed by human biopsies (Tomasi et al., 2014). Parpaiola et al.…”

Comparative Analysis of Surface Topography of Custom CAD/CAM ZirconiaAbutments by means of Optical Profilometry

“…8,14,15 Under periprosthetic, functional and hygiene aspects, the structure and morphology of the abutment surface represent a crucial criterion for the long-term success of an implant restoration. [16][17][18][19] To date there is no reliable information regarding the effect on periimplant soft tissue of the surface quality, topography, and roughness of CAD/CAM zirconia implants produced industrially or in the laboratory. Minimal standards on the degree of roughness and microgeometry that may be adequate or necessary for healthy soft-tissue adaptation have not yet been developed.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peri-Implant Soft Tissues: A Preliminary Study on Humans Using CDNA Microarray Technology

“…A biologic width has been demonstrated to be present around dental implants as well as around teeth and the successful barrier mechanism established at the transmucosal passage of the implant is probably critical to its long-term stability and function (3)(4)(5).…”