Comparative Analysis of Surface Topography of Custom CAD/CAM ZirconiaAbutments by means of Optical Profilometry

Abstract

Objective: CAD/CAM generated ceramic implant abutments have recently attracted interest due to their superior customization possibilities and aesthetic advantages. Despite their widespread clinical use, little information is currently available on their surface topography, however. The transmucosal portion of the abutment shoulder is of particular interest, as it ideally supports soft tissue but minimizes mechanical plaque retention. The aim of this in vitro study was to topographically characterize the trans-and subgingival roughness of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments from different manufacturers and compare them with zirconia stock abutments. Material and Method:The surface topography of eight CAD/CAM zirconia implant abutments (tests) and two prefabricated zirconia stock abutments (controls) was determined using focus variation microscopy. Two points on the abutment shoulder were subjected to profilometric examination. 2D and 3D parameters of roughness were obtained and compared. Results:The surface roughness of all the test abutments exceeded the recommended threshold of Ra = 0.2 µm and therefore exhibited an increased risk of mechanical plaque retention. Obvious differences in surface structure were apparent, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the manufacturing method and subsequent reworking processes. Conclusion:Manually reworking the trans-and submucosal area of the investigated CAD/CAM zirconia abutments appears necessary to fulfil the conditions for optimal surface topography.The Sa value as arithmetic mean, taking the maximum height (Sz value) and surface excess (Sdr) into account, is an essential parameter for assessing the surface topography of implant abutments.

Plasma surface modification and three‐dimensional structuring of additively manufactured polyetheretherketone implants for improvement of osseointegration

“…Wettability plays an important role in osseointegration, [20,21] and this was clearly supported by our results of the 2D and 3D cell proliferation tests. All surfaces with increased hydrophilic properties showed improved cell proliferation compared with the rather hydrophobic untreated PEEK samples.…”

“…[18,19] For example, it has been shown that wettability has a strong influence on cellular behavior, and that cells exhibit improved adhesion and proliferation on hydrophilic surfaces. [20,21] The relative hydrophobicity of unmodified PEEK can therefore partially explain its bioinert character [22] and can be overcome through the application of surface modification (SM) methods. Numerous SM techniques have already been explored, such as the deposition of coatings, surface functionalization through the grafting of new chemical groups, and surface patterning.…”

Oberflächengüte von CAD/CAM-gefrästen Implantatstegen aus Titan und Kobalt-Chrom

“…Es gibt jedoch noch keinen allgemein akzeptierten Standard dafür, wo der Parameter der Rauheit für dentale Werkstoffe endet und die Welligkeit beginnt. Gehrke et al schlagen für eine optimale Weichgewebsintegration (transmukosaler Bereich) von Abutments einen Sa-Wert zwischen 0,21 und 0,4 µm vor (32). Die Stege von ZST (Sa = 0,23 µm), ZDC (Sa = 0,33 µm) und ZCC (Sa = 0,39 µm) liegen in diesen Grenzen und bieten dieser Studie zufolge, bezüglich ihrer Oberfläche, optimale Voraussetzungen für die transmukosale Integration.…”

“…9 ROI 1 transmukosaler Bereich, * isotrope Struktur, Δ unregelmäßige Struktur, roter Kreis poliert, ohne Symbol anisotrope Struktur.stärker streuen (SD = ± 0,05 -± 0,15). Dies lässt auf unterschiedliche Bearbeitungsweisen in den Regionen schließen[32].…”