The Sodium-Sodium Hydride-Hydrogen System at 500-600°<sup>1</sup>

Banus, M. D.; McSharry, James J.; Sullivan, Edward A.

doi:10.1021/ja01612a089

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Fortuitously, sodium hydride has a large number of attributes that make it attractive as a hightemperature TES system for CSP. It has a respectable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity (4.2 wt% H 2 ), a high enthalpy of H 2 absorption (DH abs = -114 kJ mol -1 H 2 ) [41] and, from pressurecomposition isotherms, a wide and flat plateau with limited H 2 solubility [42]. In addition, a significant level of research into the sodium-hydrogen system has been driven by the use of liquid sodium as a coolant in liquidmetal fast-breeder reactors and, as a result, a large body of knowledge exists pertaining to the safe production, handling, containment and use of high-temperature sodium on an industrial scale [43].…”

Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, this technique is unsuitable when considering Na/NaH as part of a TES system that operates above 400°C due to the temperature limitations of hydrocarbons [32]. A further complication of Category II SBHs is the high vapour pressure of molten sodium metal that causes its distillation at the temperatures relevant for TES [41,42]. This problem was solved by sealing NaH within thin walled iron tubes that are permeable to H 2 but not to sodium vapour [7,41,42].…”

Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further complication of Category II SBHs is the high vapour pressure of molten sodium metal that causes its distillation at the temperatures relevant for TES [41,42]. This problem was solved by sealing NaH within thin walled iron tubes that are permeable to H 2 but not to sodium vapour [7,41,42]. The relatively slow diffusion of H 2 through the iron walls means that temperatures greater than 550°C are required for reasonable H 2 desorption kinetics, and this technique does not address the difficulties associated with hydriding molten Na metal to form solid NaH [7,41,42].…”

Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium-based hydrides for thermal energy applications

2016

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Concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) with thermal energy storage (TES) represents an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuels for base-load power generation. Sodium alanate (NaAlH 4 ) is a well-known sodium-based complex metal hydride but, more recently, high-temperature sodium-based complex metal hydrides have been considered for TES. This review considers the current state of the art for NaH, NaMgH 3-x F x , Na-based transition metal hydrides, NaBH 4 and Na 3 AlH 6 for TES and heat pumping applications. These metal hydrides have a number of advantages over other classes of heat storage materials such as high thermal energy storage capacity, low volume, relatively low cost and a wide range of operating temperatures (100°C to more than 650°C). Potential safety issues associated with the use of high-temperature sodium-based hydrides are also addressed.

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Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Sodium and Sodium Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium-based hydrides for thermal energy applications

2016

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“…Measurements of the heat capacity of silicon have been reported by Russell [ 37 ] (-191°to 46°C) , Dewar [9] (20°to 80°K) , Nernst and Schwers [33] Kelley and King [20], using the data reported by Anderson [l], Nernst and Schwers [33], and Pearlman and Keesom [34] > calculated SRgg = 4*51 ±0.05 eu. Flubacher, Leadbetter, and Morrison [12] calculated 0°^,^= 4*497 ±0.009 eu from their data.…”

Section: Beryllium-titanium Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition pressure data of Banus, et al [37] a Sellers and Crenshaw [38], combined with appropriate entropy data, yi AHf = -12.5 and -12.6 kcal, respectively.…”

Section: Nah(c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary report on the thermodynamic properties of selected light-element and some related compounds:

1962

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This is the seventh semi-annual report on the current experimental, theoretical, and evaluative program, at the National Bureau of Standards, on the thermodynamic properties of selected light-element compounds of primary interest in high-temperature research. In this connection the chemical elements principally involved are H, Li, Be, B, C, N, 0, F, At, Cl, and Zr, with more secondary interest in the compounds of Mg, Si, K, Ti, Br, I, W, Hg, and Pb. The emphasis in the NBS work has been on the simpler compounds of these elements.This report includes some recent NBS measurements under the program: The heat of formation of nitronium perchlorate, and the high-temperature heat capacity of aluminum carbide. As discussed in the report, precise measurements are essentially completed on the heat of combustion of aluminum in fluorine and on the low-temperature heat capacities and absolute entropies of LiH, and LiAlH^; however, these data are not yet presented, pending the resolution of small discrepancies needed to put the results on a final basis. Tables of thermodynamic functions are given for four gases omitted from earlier reports (H 2 > 02> H , and electron gas), and, on the basis of improved data, for the condensed phases of two substances (BeF 2 and At^C^) . A contribution from those areas in which elaborate apparatus development is still progressing is a description in the report of a new fast-opening large-aperture shutter for high-speed photography. This development will be important in the study of combustions at very high temperatures and pressures.Also included are several up-to-date literature surveys in the field.One describes recent additions to the literature on the chemistry of numerous light-element compounds. A second describes alloys and intermetallic compounds of aluminum and beryllium with titajaium and zirconium; while a third survey covers low-temperature heat capacities aud entropies of various substances, particularly the oxides of eight light elements. The fourth report is a comprehensive and critical assembly of the available values for the heats of formation of a large number of compounds. IntroductionNitronium perchlorate is a v;hite, crystalline material, stable at temperatures up to 120°C. It is extremely hygroscopic, reacting rapidly with water to form nitric and perchloric acids. Aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide were used in this investigation, as the potassium salts of the acids provided more suitable reference substances. The heats of solution of KN0_(c) and KClO/c) in KOH(aq) were also determined. Constants and Conversion FactorsThe results of this investigation are given in joules and calories, with 1 cal = 4*1840 joules. All weights are corrected to vacuum. The molecular weights are calculated from the 1957 International Table of Atomic Weights [l]. For N02C10/(c) an estimated heat capacity of 36 cal/deg mole was used; other auxiliary data were taken where possible from [2].3. MaterialsThe KNO^(c) and KC10/(c) were reagent-grade materials, dried at 120°...

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