The Social Accumulation of Violence in Brazil: Some Remarks

Abstract

Malandro is an attribute used to designate a person or a lifestyle (malandragem). Its origin is Italian (malandrino) and its more universal content is that of the Iberian picaro. In 19 th century Rio de Janeiro the term malandro came to represent a social type between a black slave and a free worker who avoided regular work, substituting it for a hedonistic life based on advantages obtained from gambling, at times exploitation of women.

Variations in Homicide Rates in Brazil: An Explanation Centred on Criminal Group Conflicts

“…Environmental, institutional and population characteristics capable of inducing or preventing crime and lethal violence have been related to structural problems, such as inequality, poverty and stigmatisation (BEATO et al, 2004;RATTON et al, 2011;ADORNO, 1993b;RIBEIRO and CANO, 2016;SOARES, 2009;MELLO and SCHNEIDER, 2011). In explaining the homicidal phenomenon, others have emphasised the economic and political rationales intrinsically tied into illegal markets and protection rackets (MISSE, 2006(MISSE, , 2017DAUDELIN and RATTON 2017;DURÁN-MARTINEZ, 2015;OSORIO and NORMAN 2016;FELTRAN, 2021).…”

Homicide concentration and retaliatory homicide near repeats: An examination in a Latin American urban setting

“…Crime concentrates in places due to the characteristics of the places in which crime commission occurs. On one level this relates to the social organisation and collective efficacy in a neighbourhood – where the social ties within communities are too weak to influence how local people behave (Sampson et al ., 1997), where illicit behaviour goes unchecked (Cruz, 2010), with the result of criminality being more likely (Misse, 2017). On another level this relates to the interaction and specific behaviours of people within the situational environment where crime may occur.…”

Investigation on the relationship between violent death, cocaine abuse and single nucleotide polymorphisms

“…In addition, tragedies as such, have consequences in health, demographic dynamics and, consequently, the process of economic and social development (CERQUEIRA et al, 2017). It is, indeed, crucial for the country to identify what exactly is causing this accumulation of violence and Misse has appointed a few reasons, such as: gang and drug-related violence, the excessive use of state force, a corrupt criminal justice system, the militarization of key areas and the cycle of violence generating more violence, underpin these extremely high homicide rates (MISSE, 2017).…”