The smoking estrogens – a potential synergy between estradiol and benzo(a)pyrene

Słowikowski, Bartosz Kazimierz; Jankowski, Maurycy; Jagodzińśki, Paweł P.

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111658

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…In human studies, fetal exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in dysregulation of ovarian estrogen production and estrogen receptor expression ( Fowler et al, 2014 ). These results are consistent with other reports of PACs perturbing estrogen signaling ( Lee et al, 2020 , Rahmani et al, 2021 , Šimečková et al, 2022 , Słowikowski et al, 2021 ). Together, these findings suggest that PACs can act directly at the level of the ovary to disrupt ovarian steroidogenesis.…”

Section: Effect Of Pacs On Ovarian Hormone Secretion and Angiogenesissupporting

confidence: 94%

The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function

Perono

Petrik

Thomas

et al. 2022

Current Research in Toxicology

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Section: Effect Of Pacs On Ovarian Hormone Secretion and Angiogenesissupporting

confidence: 94%

The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function

Perono

Petrik

Thomas

et al. 2022

Current Research in Toxicology

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“…Słowikowski et al [ 129 ] indicated a possible carcinogenic synergy between estrogens, especially E2 and B[ a ]P. These researchers suggested that the combined effect of disturbed estrogen production in cancer cells due to B[ a ]P action may explain the increased aggressiveness and rate of development of lung cancer.…”

Section: Adverse Effects Observed In In Vitro and In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Bukowska

Mokra

Michałowicz

2022

IJMS

159

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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals’ fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.

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“…The structure of this compound contains colorless isomers that are created as a result of the chemical connections of pyrene and phenylene. The studies and experiments conducted on animals have proven that this substance can cause diseases, including cancer, in a systemic way and in different organs (18).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effect of Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Bladder Cancer

Bayat,

Asban,

Koshki Nasab

et al. 2023

Health Scope

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Context: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants that are among the most important risk factors for cancer, especially in individuals with underlying diseases. On the other hand, various types of cancers in the vital organs of the body, including the liver, lung, and bladder, and diseases related to the nervous system can be attributed to exposure to this polluting agent. Bladder cancer depends on numerous factors, such as inherited genetic predisposition and external exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products arising from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes. Objectives: The purpose of this review study was to investigate the epidemiological literature on the side effects of PAHs on bladder cancer and the risk factors related to cancer. Methods: A total of 80 articles according to different databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect, were retrieved. Then, 38 full-text articles were entered into the analysis process. Finally, 12 articles were selected for this study. Results: The literature review showed that PAH exposure occurs in daily life through exposure to tobacco smoke, consumption of charcoal-smoked meats, and inhalation of air pollutants. The concentration of PAHs is related to the risk of developing bladder cancer during the lifetime of PAHs. Bladder tumors are directly related to exposure to carcinogens. While the exposure to risk factors increases, the risk of developing cancer increases. Risk factors affecting bladder cancer include smoking and occupational and dietary factors. Conclusions: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products of incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes, and they can affect the urinary system, cause dysfunction, and eventually cause bladder cancer.

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The smoking estrogens – a potential synergy between estradiol and benzo(a)pyrene

Cited by 11 publications

References 107 publications

The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function

The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

A Review of the Effect of Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Bladder Cancer

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