The SMAP Level 4 Carbon Product for Monitoring Ecosystem Land–Atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> Exchange

Jones, L. A.; Kimball, J. S.; Reichle, Rolf H.; Madani, Nima; Glassy, Joseph M.; Ardizzone, J.; Colliander, Andreas; Cleverly, James; Desai, Ankur R.; Eamus, Derek; Euskirchen, Eugénie; Hutley, Lindsay B.; Macfarlane, Craig; Scott, Russell L.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2729343

Cited by 77 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…To clarify the role of vegetation properties and environmental controls on seasonal CO 2 flux dynamics at high latitudes, we used the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level 4 Carbon (L4C) product (Jones et al, ). The SMAP L4C provides global daily estimates of NEE, component carbon fluxes for GPP and ER, and surface SOC stocks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of plant functional type and vegetation disturbance are partially represented in the model through satellite (MODIS) observed vegetation classification and fractional photosynthetic canopy cover inputs. The L4C model has been calibrated against FLUXNET tower CO 2 flux measurements and shows favorable global performance and accuracy (Jones et al, ). In this analysis, we use the L4C Nature Run (NR) record which extends over the entire study period (2010–2016) relative to the shorter SMAP L4C operational (Ops) record (2015–present).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The (Jones et al, 2017). In this analysis, we use the L4C Nature Run (NR) record which extends over the entire study period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) relative to the shorter SMAP L4C operational (Ops) record (2015-present is generally less than 5% of the mean NR results ( Figure S2).…”

Section: Ensemble Of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (Trendy Simulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Liu

Kimball

Parazoo

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Arctic and boreal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget, and whether they act as a future net C sink or source depends on climate and environmental change. Here, we used complementary in situ measurements, model simulations, and satellite observations to investigate the net carbon dioxide (CO2) seasonal cycle and its climatic and environmental controls across Alaska and northwestern Canada during the anomalously warm winter to spring conditions of 2015 and 2016 (relative to 2010–2014). In the warm spring, we found that photosynthesis was enhanced more than respiration, leading to greater CO2 uptake. However, photosynthetic enhancement from spring warming was partially offset by greater ecosystem respiration during the preceding anomalously warm winter, resulting in nearly neutral effects on the annual net CO2 balance. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements showed that air temperature has a primary influence on net CO2 exchange in winter and spring, while soil moisture has a primary control on net CO2 exchange in the fall. The net CO2 exchange was generally more moisture limited in the boreal region than in the Arctic tundra. Our analysis indicates complex seasonal interactions of underlying C cycle processes in response to changing climate and hydrology that may not manifest in changes in net annual CO2 exchange. Therefore, a better understanding of the seasonal response of C cycle processes may provide important insights for predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks and their consequences on atmospheric CO2 dynamics in the northern high latitudes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ensemble Of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (Trendy Simulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Liu

Kimball

Parazoo

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…However, GPP cannot be directly observed, and satellite‐derived GPP estimates rely heavily on vegetation indices (VIs) such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) that provide information on vegetation state (e.g., photosynthetic capacity), not physiological function (e.g., photosynthetic activity). Operational GPP products based on this approach are widely used and available since the early 2000s as NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products (Running et al, ; Zhao et al, ; Zhao & Running, ), and more recently as NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive products (Jones et al, ). Although the spatial variability in satellite‐derived GPP is generally consistent with field measurements (Biederman et al, ; Verma et al, ), satellite‐derived GPP suffers from substantial uncertainties at seasonal to interannual timescales, particularly for dryland ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal and Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems of Southwestern North America

Smith

Biederman

Scott

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

128

100

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Satellite remote sensing provides unmatched spatiotemporal information on vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). Yet understanding of the relationship between GPP and remote sensing observations and how it changes with factors such as scale, biophysical constraint, and vegetation type remains limited. This knowledge gap is especially apparent for dryland ecosystems, which have characteristic high spatiotemporal variability and are under‐represented by long‐term field measurements. Here we utilize an eddy covariance (EC) data synthesis for southwestern North America in an assessment of how accurately satellite‐derived vegetation proxies capture seasonal to interannual GPP dynamics across dryland gradients. We evaluate the enhanced vegetation index, solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF), and the photochemical reflectivity index. We find evidence that SIF is more accurately capturing seasonal GPP dynamics particularly for evergreen‐dominated EC sites and more accurately estimating the full magnitude of interannual GPP dynamics for all dryland EC sites. These results suggest that incorporation of SIF could significantly improve satellite‐based GPP estimates.

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“…Several components of water storage are constrained by satellite observations. Passive and active microwave observations can be used to estimate soil moisture, although these measurements may be limited to water near the soil surface and in the absence of extremely dense vegetation (Entekhabi et al, 2010), and this measure of water availability for growth is being used to inform estimates of carbon fluxes (Jones et al, 2017).…”

Section: Water Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Flux towers in the sky: global ecology from space

2019

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Summary Global ecology – the study of the interactions among the Earth's ecosystems, land, atmosphere and oceans – depends crucially on global observations: this paper focuses on space‐based observations of global terrestrial ecosystems. Early global ecology relied on an extrapolation of detailed site‐level observations, using models of increasing complexity. Modern global ecology has been enabled largely by vegetation indices (greenness) from operational space‐based imagery but current capabilities greatly expand scientific possibilities. New observations from spacecraft in orbit allowed an estimation of gross carbon fluxes, photosynthesis, biomass burning, evapotranspiration and biomass, to create virtual eddy covariance sites in the sky. Planned missions will reveal the dimensions of the diversity of life itself. These observations will improve our understanding of the global productivity and carbon storage, land use, carbon cycle−climate feedback, diversity−productivity relationships and enable improved climate forecasts. Advances in remote sensing challenge ecologists to relate information organised by biome and species to new data arrayed by pixels and develop theory to address previously unobserved scales.

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The SMAP Level 4 Carbon Product for Monitoring Ecosystem Land–Atmosphere CO₂ Exchange

Cited by 77 publications

References 53 publications

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal and Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems of Southwestern North America

Flux towers in the sky: global ecology from space

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The SMAP Level 4 Carbon Product for Monitoring Ecosystem Land–Atmosphere CO2 Exchange

Cited by 77 publications

References 53 publications

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Better Captures Seasonal and Interannual Gross Primary Productivity Dynamics Across Dryland Ecosystems of Southwestern North America

Flux towers in the sky: global ecology from space

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Product

Resources

About

The SMAP Level 4 Carbon Product for Monitoring Ecosystem Land–Atmosphere CO₂ Exchange