The “Slow Pathway” Potential: Fact or Fiction?

Gard, Joseph J.; Asirvatham, Samuel J.

doi:10.1161/circep.111.962662

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We have described TCs in pleura (Hinescu et al 2011) and in various organs (e.g., heart: Popescu et al 2009, 2010, 2011a; Gherghiceanu and Popescu 2009, 2010, 2011; Gherghiceanu et al 2010; Mandache et al 2010; Suciu et al 2009, 2010a; placenta: Suciu et al 2010b; pancreas: Nicolescu et al 2010; skeletal muscle: Popescu et al 2011b). The TC concept was adopted by other laboratories (Faussone-Pellegrini and Bani 2010; Bani et al 2010; Bojin et al 2011; Cozzi et al 2011; Gittenberger-de Groot et al 2010; Klumpp et al 2010; Kostin 2010; Polykandriotis et al 2010; Susman et al 2010; Zhou et al 2010; Tommila 2010; Eyden et al 2011; Cantarero et al 2011a, b; Gard and Asirvatham 2011; Gevaert et al 2011; Kostin 2011; Li et al 2010; Limana et al 2011; Radenkovic 2011; Rupp et al 2010; Russell et al 2011; Rusu et al 2011a, b; Xiao et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy

et al. 2011

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This study describes a novel type of interstitial (stromal) cell — telocytes (TCs) — in the human and mouse respiratory tree (terminal and respiratory bronchioles, as well as alveolar ducts). TCs have recently been described in pleura, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, intestine, uterus, pancreas, mammary gland, etc. (see www.telocytes.com). TCs are cells with specific prolongations called telopodes (Tp), frequently two to three per cell. Tp are very long prolongations (tens up to hundreds of μm) built of alternating thin segments known as podomers (≤ 200 nm, below the resolving power of light microscope) and dilated segments called podoms, which accommodate mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae. Tp ramify dichotomously, making a 3-dimensional network with complex homo- and heterocellular junctions. Confocal microscopy reveals that TCs are c-kit- and CD34-positive. Tp release shed vesicles or exosomes, sending macromolecular signals to neighboring cells and eventually modifying their transcriptional activity. At bronchoalveolar junctions, TCs have been observed in close association with putative stem cells (SCs) in the subepithelial stroma. SCs are recognized by their ultrastructure and Sca-1 positivity. Tp surround SCs, forming complex TC-SC niches (TC-SCNs). Electron tomography allows the identification of bridging nanostructures, which connect Tp with SCs. In conclusion, this study shows the presence of TCs in lungs and identifies a TC-SC tandem in subepithelial niches of the bronchiolar tree. In TC-SCNs, the synergy of TCs and SCs may be based on nanocontacts and shed vesicles.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00441-011-1229-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy

et al. 2011

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“…Podomers are very thin (up to 0.2 m), below the resolving power of light microscopy, explaining the fact that TCs were overlooked [20][21][22][23]. The concept of TC was taken up by other Laboratories [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Moreover, Liu et al [37] reported the distribution of TCs in rat heart: more in atria than in ventricles (20 versus 9 cells/mm 2 ) and significantly higher in subepicardium than in endocardium (18 versus 7 cells/mm 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental acute myocardial infarction: telocytes involvement in neo-angiogenesis

Manole

Cismasiu

Gherghiceanu

et al. 2011

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

187

182

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We used rat experimental myocardial infarction to study the ultrastructural recovery, especially neo-angiogenesis in the infarction border zone. We were interested in the possible role(s) of telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cell very recently discovered in myocardim (see ). Electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and analysis of several proangiogenic microRNAs provided evidence for TC involvement in neo-angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Electron microscopy showed the close spatial association of TCs with neoangiogenetic elements. Higher resolution images provided the following information: (a) the intercellular space between the abluminal face of endothelium and its surrounding TCs is frequently less than 50 nm; (b) TCs establish multiple direct nanocontacts with endothelial cells, where the extracellular space seems obliterated; such nanocontacts have a length of 0.4–1.5 μm; (c) the absence of basal membrane on the abluminal face of endothelial cell. Besides the physical contacts (either nanoscopic or microscopic) TCs presumably contribute to neo-angiognesis via paracrine secretion (as shown by immunocytochemistry for VEGF or NOS2). Last but not least, TCs contain measurable quantities of angiogenic microRNAs (e.g. let-7e, 10a, 21, 27b, 100, 126-3p, 130a, 143, 155, 503). Taken together, the direct (physical) contact of TCs with endothelial tubes, as well as the indirect (chemical) positive influence within the ‘angiogenic zones’, suggests an important participation of TCs in neo-angiogenesis during the late stage of myocardial infarction.

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“…In cardiology, it has been shown that the atrial electrogram fractionation [25], a feature in atrial fibrillation, occurs in regions of slow conduction. To date, in cardiology, velocity vectors have not been used as a traditional clinical measure [26], but has been a vital and effective tool for understanding clinical cardiac dysrhythmias. Similarly, identifying velocity features in gastric electrical recording during normal and dysrhythmic states is anticipated to provide an improved foundation for understanding dysrhythmic behaviours and mechanisms, and could provide additional diagnostic features for identifying abnormal slow wave propagation patterns in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Method for the Estimation and Visualization of Velocity Fields from Gastric High-Resolution Electrical Mapping

Paskaranandavadivel

OrGrady

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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High-resolution (HR) electrical mapping is an important clinical research tool for understanding normal and abnormal gastric electrophysiology. Analyzing velocities of gastric electrical activity in a reliable and accurate manner can provide additional valuable information for quantitatively and qualitatively comparing features across and within subjects, particularly during gastric dysrhythmias. In this study we compared three methods of estimating velocities from HR recordings to determine which method was the most reliable for use with gastric HR electrical mapping. The three methods were i) Simple finite difference ii) Smoothed finite difference and a iii) Polynomial based method. With synthetic data, the accuracy of the simple finite difference method resulted in velocity errors almost twice that of the smoothed finite difference and the polynomial based method, in the presence of activation time error up to 0.5s. With three synthetic cases under various noise types and levels, the smoothed finite difference resulted in average speed error of 3.2% and an average angle error of 2.0° and the polynomial based method had an average speed error of 3.3% and an average angle error of 1.7°. With experimental gastric slow wave recordings performed in pigs, the three methods estimated similar velocities (6.3-7.3 mm/s), but the smoothed finite difference method had a lower standard deviation in its velocity estimate than the simple finite difference and the polynomial based method, leading it to be the method of choice for velocity estimation in gastric slow wave propagation. An improved method for visualizing velocity fields is also presented.

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The “Slow Pathway” Potential: Fact or Fiction?

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy

Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy

Experimental acute myocardial infarction: telocytes involvement in neo-angiogenesis

An Improved Method for the Estimation and Visualization of Velocity Fields from Gastric High-Resolution Electrical Mapping

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