The skin window test in rhinoscleroma

Toppozada, Hussein H.; Michaeles, L.; Mazloum, H.; El-Sawy, M.; Malaty, R.; Yakout, Y.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(81)80006-3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cellular immunity is impaired in affected patients, but humoral immunity remains intact. 4,5 Studies in patients with rhinoscleroma have shown alterations in the ratio of CD4-positive lymphocytes (Helper T cells) to CD8-positive lymphocytes (Cytotoxic T cells) with a marked increase in the latter type. Patients have also shown an impaired response of their CD4 lymphocytes to interleukin-2 and also a diminished proliferative response to Concavalin A, a T-lymphocyte mitogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis of the membranous nasal septum

Chan

Spiegel

2007

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, infectious, granulomatous disease that may present with mass lesions in the respiratory tract anywhere from the nose to the trachea. The nose is involved in 95-100 per cent of cases. There are three stages of the disease: catarrhal-atrophic, granulomatous (also known as hypertrophic) and sclerotic. The diagnosis is made either by positive Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis culture or from the classic histological findings of Mikulicz cells and transformed plasma cells with Russell bodies. Rhinoscleroma is endemic to areas of Africa, South-East Asia, Mexico, Central and South America, and Central and Eastern Europe, and it has been associated with low socioeconomic status. In the past, rhinoscleroma was infrequent in the US population but, with current trends in migration, the incidence of rhinoscleroma may be on the rise. There is often a delay in diagnosis in non-endemic areas such as the US due to unfamiliarity with the disease, the stage-dependent clinical and histological manifestations of disease, and the fact that only 50-60 per cent of cultures are positive for K rhinoscleromatis. Such late diagnosis leads to increased morbidity in the form of nasal and airway obstruction and nasal deformity from erosive processes. Rhinoscleroma is difficult to cure and prone to recur. Currently, the recommended treatment consists of a combination of surgical debridement and long-term antibiotic therapy. We present a case report of a culture-positive diagnosis of rhinoscleroma, and we review the existing literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis of the membranous nasal septum

Chan

Spiegel

2007

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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“…The Skin Window Test was performed on all patients and controls. The preparation of the bacterial antigen and the technique of the test used was that used by Toppozada et al (1981), using saline control, the patient's own organism and foreign Streptococcus pyogenes organism as antigen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Skin Window Test (SWT) was first described by Roebuck and Crowley (1955) as a method of studying local inflammatory reactions in normal subjects and diseased patients. The test has been used to study the cellular inflammatory response in a variety of haematological conditions (Roebuck et al, 1958;Trepel and Begemann, 1966;Ghosh et al, 1973), and to study the state of immunity in rhinoscleroma patients and contacts (Toppozada et al, 1981(Toppozada et al, ,1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Streptococcus pyogenes tonsillitis, with rheumatic arthritis and myocarditis

Toppozada¹

1988

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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“…There is an excess of plasma cells and Russell bodies, which may suggest marked B-lymphocyte activity. The Mikulicz cells with their undigested Klebsiella micro-organisms suggest that T-lymphocyte function is reduced (Toppozada et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin window test (SWT) was first described by Roebuck and Crowley (1955) as a method of studying local inflammatory reactions in normal subjects and diseased patients. The test has been used to study the cellular inflammatory response in a variety of haematological conditions (Roebuck et al, 1958;Trepel & Begemann, 1966;Ghosh et al, 1973), and to study the state of immunity in rhinoscleroma patients (Toppozada et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%