The situational primacy of Chinese individual self, relational self, collective self:Evidence from ERP

Self-Hierarchy in Perceptual Matching: Variations in Different Processing Stages

“…All the words and symbols were in white, set against a black background. The word “self (‘我自己’)” denoted the IS; “mother (‘‘我母亲’),” denoted relational self; “Chinese (‘‘中国人’’),” denoted collective self; and “stranger (‘‘陌生人’’),” denoted non-self ( Cai et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). The stimuli were presented on a 19-inch monitor (1280 × 1024 pixels at 75 Hz).…”

“…The components, including EOG artifacts and head movement, were removed from the ICA results after visual inspection. Based on previous studies ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2019 ) and the purpose of this study, we identified the topographical distribution of the grand-averaged ERPs activities, ERPs components, and their time epochs as follows: P2 (180–240 ms), N2 (280–340 ms), P3 (350–420 ms), and LPC (500–800 ms). We selected the following electrode sites: frontal (F3, Fz, F4), frontal-central (FC3, FCz, FC4), central (C3, Cz, C4), central-parietal (CP3, CPz, CP4), and parietal (P3, Pz, P4).…”

“…Another study using implicit association tasks found that Chinese people render the collective self as primary compared to the relational self ( Zheng et al, 2017 , 2018a ). Using a priming paradigm, Wang et al (2017) found that during the early (P2) stage, people render their IS as their primary self; their relational self as secondary; and their collective self as tertiary. However, people identify their self-hierarchy as collective self > relational self > IS during the late (P3) stage.…”

“…Information that represents the collective self, such as one’s hometown ( Chen et al, 2011 ), nation ( Zhao et al, 2012 ; Ferenczi and Marshall, 2013 ), or national flag ( Fan et al, 2011 ) can also induce an emotional experience. Wang et al’s (2017) priming paradigm proposes the necessity to compare and categorize the information related to oneself and different self-identities. Subsequently, it is essential to think and recall the identity information during this process.…”

The Neural Representation of Relational- and Collective-Self: Two Forms of Collectivism

“…To achieve the above issue, we adopted a trait judgment task to assess the representation of relational-self and collective-self (Moran et al, 2006; Ma and Han, 2011; Han et al, 2016). Mother chose as relational-self, and Chinese chose as collective-self (Cai et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2017). Furthermore, the current study verify the special neural mechanism encoded the relational-self and explore the neural mechanism during collective-self-reference processing.…”