The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people

Alcázar, Julián; Losa‐Reyna, José; Rodríguez-López, Carlos; Alfaro‐Acha, Ana; Rodríguez‐Mañas, Leocadio; Ara, Ignacio; García-García, Francisco J.; Alegre, Luis M.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.08.006

Cited by 196 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet, despite that both HGS and STS started to decline from the fifth decade, the 30 s STS outcome variable was considerable more senstive to aging. Thus, compared with the young reference population, 14.0% men and 12.3% women ( Table ) demonstrated reduced HGS, whereas 29.5% men and 31.8% women ( Table ) had a 30 s STS test below the present cut‐off values (women: 15 STS per 30 s, men: 16 STS per 30 s) supporting that the 30 s STS test represents a low cost, fast, and sensitive screening tool for sarcopenia and age‐related loss in functional capacity …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

The Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study: lean mass, strength, power, and physical function in a Danish cohort aged 20–93 years

Suetta

Haddock

Alcázar

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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175

138

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BackgroundDespite no international consensus on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, low lean mass, muscle strength, and physical function are important risk factors for disability, frailty, and mortality in older individuals, as well as in a wide range of patients with muscle loss. Here, we provide a population‐based reference material of total and regional lean body mass, muscle strength/power parameters, and physical function in a healthy cohort of Danish men and women across the lifespan.MethodsVolunteers aged 20–93 years from the Copenhagen City Heart Study were invited to establish a Danish reference material (Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study) on lean mass characteristics [appendicular lean mass (ALM), iDXA, GE Lunar], muscle function [handgrip strength (HGS), Jamar dynamometer and leg extension power (LEP), Nottingham Power Rig], and physical function [30 s sit‐to‐stand test (STS), 10‐m maximal and habitual gait speed (GS)].ResultsA total of 1305 participants [729 women (age: 56.4 ± 18.9 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.01 m, body mass index: 24.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2 and 576 men, age: 57.0 ± 17.5 years, height: 1.80 ± 0.07 m, body mass index: 26.0 ± 3.9 kg/m2] completed all measurements and were included in the present analysis. Lean mass characteristics (TLM, ALM, and ALM/h2) decreased with increasing age in both men and women (P < 0.001). Men demonstrated larger absolute and relative total ALM and higher HGS and LEP compared with women at all age intervals (P < 0.001). HGS and LEP decreased progressively with age in both men and women (P < 0.01); 30 s STS performance, habitual GS, and maximal GS decreased at an accellerated rate of decline with increasing age in both men and women (P < 0.001). Habitual GS was reduced in men and women aged ≥70 years, while maximal GS was reduced from the age of ≥60 years compared with young adults (P < 0.001). Regardless of sex, 30 s STS was reduced from the age of ≥50 years compared with the young reference group (P < 0.001)ConclusionsWhile the power‐based measurements (LEP and 30 s STS) started to decline already at age +50 years, less power‐based parameters (GS and HGS) and lean mass characteristics (TLM, ALM, and ALM/h2) remained unaltered until after the age of +70 years. Notably, the cut‐off thresholds derived in the present study differed from earlier reference data, which underlines the importance of obtaining updated and local reference materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

The Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study: lean mass, strength, power, and physical function in a Danish cohort aged 20–93 years

Suetta

Haddock

Alcázar

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

Self Cite

175

138

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“…Additionally, turning is a task involving many interlimb coordination challenges, relatively rapid changes in orientation and significant asymmetries in kinematics and kinetics, the increased complexity could be one approached cautiously by the individual with a FoF 54 . It is possible that the increased risk is one which is identified by the PWD and a conscious slowing of the task represents an adaptive strategy to mitigate risk 55 . Moreover, high levels of anxiety have been reported in individuals with Alzheimer's disease related cognitive impairment 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However this is the first time such a finding has been applied to the iTUG. It is not clear whether FoF is a consequence of a previous fall, or exists prior to a first fall 55,68 . FoF may result in activity avoidance which leads to deconditioning and subsequent decline in physical function [69][70][71] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the instrumented timed up and go test and cognitive function, fear of falling and quality of life in community dwelling people with dementia

Williams

Nyman

2018

JFSF

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Dementia is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterised by changes in behaviour and cognition 1. The prevalence and incidence of dementia has been reported at approximately 15% and 3% respectively 2 and it has been reported to affect approximately 47 million people worldwide 1. People with dementia (PWD) show symptoms ranging from cognitive, social and motor impairment, all of which can significant affect quality of life (QoL) 3,4. PWD have been shown to have greater falls risk compared to those either with mild cognitive impairment or intact cognition 5. Indeed this appears to remain true for PWD within care homes 6 and for those within their own home, where the risk is double 5,7. In addition to a greater risk of falls, the risk of hip fracture has been found to be almost 5-fold that of matched-controls 5 and PWD are 58% more likely to be admitted to hospital with a hip fracture than those without dementia, where mortality following hip fracture can be as high as 30% 8. Therefore PWD are at great risk of injurious falling.

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“…The participants had to sit on an armless chair (0.49 cm) with the back straight and the arms crossed over the chest. After instruction, the participants stood up and sat down as fast as possible five times [ 30 ]. During the test, a coach stood alongside the participants to verbally encourage them and guarantee safety during the ascending and descending phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two trials, separated by 2 min, were conceded, and the best one was analyzed. The STS-MV (m·s −1 ) and the STS mean power (STS-MP) (Watts, W), were calculated using the equations proposed by Alcazar et al [ 30 ]. The CV was 2.64%, while the ICC was 0.94 (CI: 0.91–0.96).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Resistance Training Approach to Monitoring the Volume in Older Adults: The Role of Movement Velocity

Marques

Neiva

Marinho

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We analyzed the effects of velocity-monitored resistance training (RT) with a velocity loss of 20% on strength and functional capacity in institutionalized older adults. Thirty-nine participants (78.8 ± 6.7 years) were divided into a control group (CG; n = 20) or an RT group (n = 19). Over 10 weeks, the RT group performed two sessions per week, and the mean velocity of each repetition was monitored in the leg-press and chest-press exercises at 40–65% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The set ended when the participants reached a velocity loss of 20%. The CG maintained their daily routine. At pre- and post-test, both groups were assessed in the 1RM leg-press, 1RM chest-press, handgrip strength, medicine ball throw (MBT), walking speed, and sit-to-stand (STS). At baseline, we did not find significant differences between groups. After 10 weeks, we observed significant differences (p < 0.001–0.01) between groups in the 1RM leg-press, 1RM chest-press, MBT-1 kg, and STS. The RT group performed a total number of repetitions of 437.6 ± 66.1 in the leg-press and 296.4 ± 78.9 in the chest-press. Our results demonstrate that velocity loss effectively prescribes the volume in older adults and that a threshold of 20% improves strength-related variables in this population.

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The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people

Cited by 196 publications

References 47 publications

The Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study: lean mass, strength, power, and physical function in a Danish cohort aged 20–93 years

The Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study: lean mass, strength, power, and physical function in a Danish cohort aged 20–93 years

Association between the instrumented timed up and go test and cognitive function, fear of falling and quality of life in community dwelling people with dementia

Novel Resistance Training Approach to Monitoring the Volume in Older Adults: The Role of Movement Velocity

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