The sintering kinetics of porcelain bodies made from waste glass and fly ash

Optimization of the technological properties of porcelain tile bodies containing rice straw ash using the design of experiments methodology

“…Therefore, increasing the RSA content in some mixtures reduced the FBD because of the potassium-rich liquid phase in these mixtures, together with an increased silica content, with respect to the sodium-rich liquid phase and more reduced silica content in the mixtures containing SF, which adversely affected the densification process of the ceramic piece. This is consistent with the results described by Das and Dana and Yuruyen and Toplan [56][57]. In addition, the higher amounts of gas-generating substances (Fe 2 O 3 , Cl, and LOI) and higher SiO 2 content reduced the sintering capacity of the RSA-containing mixtures.…”

“…As reported in the literature some unmelted albite grains can appear in porcelain microstructure as observed in this research for the high SF content compositions [34]. The diffraction patterns of fired test pieces of mixtures with RSA fraction contents > 0.25 (M4, M5, M2, M1, M13, and M6) were characterized by the absence of mullite peaks (2 = 16.43º, 33.21º, 35.26º, and 40.87º) (ICSD 99328), possibly due to the low Al 2 O 3 content in these mixtures and the higher viscosity of the potassiumrich liquid phase, which prevented mass transport and crystal growth, as also reported by different authors [56,57,60]. Nevertheless we should take into account that XRD analysis has a detection limit which could be estimated in this case around 5%.…”

Anisotropic kinetic of the kaolinite to mullite reaction sequence in multilayer ceramics

“…Particularly, value of 145 kJ mol −1 was obtained with feldspar porcelains and it reduces to 54 kJ mol −1 when feldspar is replaced by waste glass. 28 In the same way 29 a study of the sintering behavior of feldspar porcelains with different feldspar types gave E d is in the range of 250-315 kJ mol −1 , but depending in feldspar chemical composition. The common point of these studies is that activation energy of densification increases with both the densification rate and extend, and is also related to the effectiveness of the liquid phase from feldspar or other additives (glass, flash ash, etc.…”

Recycling of Boron Waste to Develop Ceramic Wall Tile in Turkey

“…5 Several attempts have been made to handle or use this waste in the production of ceramic materials based on their clay mineral and fluxing oxide contents, such as B 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O and Fe 2 O 3 . [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] According to the relevant results, addition of BW improved liquid phase development with better physical properties than those of the standard composition. Improved physical and mechanical properties can be attributed to the presence of boron and high alkaline earth oxides in the boron waste.…”