The Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Based Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Bone reconstruction is a complex process which involves an osteoconductive matrix, osteoinductive signaling, osteogenic cells, vascularization and mechanical stability. Lately, to improve the healing of the bone defects and to accelerate the bone fusion and bone augmentation, bioceramic composite materials have been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedics and dentistry, as well as in cosmetic surgery. Of all types of bioceramics, the most used is hydroxyapatite, because of its similar properties to those of the human bone and better mechanical properties compared to b-tricalcium phosphate [1]. Currently, the most used raw materials sources for obtaining the hydroxyapatite are: bovine bone, seashells, corals, oyster shell, eggshells and human teeth. There are two common ways to obtain hydroxyapatite: synthetically and naturally. Generally, for the improvement of the mechanical properties and the structural one, hydroxyapatite is subjected to the sintering process. Considering the disadvantages of hydroxyapatite such as poor biodegradation rate, b-TCP has been developed, which has some disadvantages too, such as brittleness. For this reason, the aim of this study is to look into the effect of adding magnesium oxide on the sintering behavior, the structure and the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate composites.

Systemic and Local Biocompatibility Assessment of Graphene Composite Dental Materials in Experimental Mandibular Bone Defect

“…In the margins of the defect, a layer of bone was detected, which suggested a bone healing process. Our results corroborate with previous reports, showing the biocompatibility of an ionomer dental cement through osseous implantation [59,60]. In animals treated with graphene reconstruction composites, connective and granulation tissue were observed.…”

Hydrogel as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

“…Many natural and non-biological materials used in preparing hydrogels are commonly used as bone graft substitutes for osteoconduction, which have the advantages of adjustable properties, good biocompatibility, and nonimmune response. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) have good bone conductivity because they are similar to natural bone minerals [33]. Type I collagen facilitates mineral deposition by binding to non-collagen matrix proteins, thereby initiating and controlling mineralization, and is also an osteoconductive material [34].…”

Fiber-Templated 3D Calcium-Phosphate Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: The Role of the Thermal Treatment Ambient on Physico-Chemical Properties

“…However, it was not until the beginning of the 1980s that the medical community started using and marketing calcium phosphates (mostly hydroxyapatite, HA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) for restorative dental procedures and bone defect repair [ 1 , 3 ]. The ongoing need for advanced bone surgical procedures and bone-mimicking structures is directly correlated with the increase of the elderly population and, thereby, with the frequency upsurge of cases when bone is unable to repair itself (i.e., associated pathological conditions, large defects caused by severe traumas or tumor resections) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”