The simulated microgravity enhances multipotential differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Multi-differentiation capability is an essential characteristic of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Method on obtaining higherquality stem cells with an improved differentiation potential has gained significant attention for the treatment of clinical diseases and developmental biology. In our study, we investigated the multipotential differentiation capacity of BMSCs under simulated microgravity (SMG) condition. F-actin staining found that cytoskeleton took on a time-dependent change under SMG condition, which caused spindle to round morphological change of the cultured cells. Quantitative PCR and Western Blotting showed the pluripotency marker OCT4 was up-regulated in the SMG condition especially after SMG of 72 h, which we observed would be the most appropriate SMG duration for enhancing pluripotency of BMSCs. After dividing BMSCs into normal gravity (NG) group and SMG group, we induced them respectively in endothelium oriented, adipogenic and neuronal induction media. Immunostaining and Western Blotting found that endothelium oriented differentiated BMSCs expressed higher VWF and CD31 in the SMG group than in the NG group. The neuron-like cells derived from BMSCs in the SMG group also expressed higher level of MAP2 and NF-H. Furthermore, the quantity of induced adipocytes increased in the SMG group compared to the NG group shown by Oil Red O staining, The expression of PPARc2 increased significantly under SMG condition. Therefore, we demonstrated that SMG could promote BMSCs to differentiate into many kinds of cells and predicted that enhanced multi-potential differentiation capacity response in BMSCs following Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

Simulated microgravity inhibits the migration of mesenchymal stem cells by remodeling actin cytoskeleton and increasing cell stiffness

“…After 7 days of culture in simulated microgravity, F-actin filaments are completely absent . Besides, Wang et al found that F-actin filaments were thin and dispersed under simulated microgravity modeled by a 2-D clinostat for 72 h, but partial restoration of F-actin occurred under simulated microgravity at 120 h (Wang et al 2014). The reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is regulated by multiple factors, most notably Rho family GTPases.…”

“…This approach relies on the their migration to the site of injury (Li et al 2015). Although the fact that microgravity significantly inhibits proliferation and alters differentiation fates of BMSCs has been demonstrated, it is still unclear about the effect of microgravity on migration of BMSCs (Wang et al 2014;Yan et al 2015). A better understanding of this effect may provide a novel sight on mechanisms of physiological changes caused by microgravity.…”

Tumor Cells in Microgravity

“…Under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine "Circumference philosophical," the cells with round change are primitive state. The round bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have greater differentiation potential in microgravity [5] (Figure 1). This study uses ground rotary cultivating device (2-D-clinostat) simulation of cells in space (Figure 2), using 1G gravity (normal gravity, NG) as a control with simulated microgravity (SMG) intervention of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to observe the differentiation into neural cells and endothelial cells.…”

Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialisation and Death of a Person

“…Despite miniscule amount of CSF, buoyancy is maintained by: (a) the Windkessel phe nomenon (vascular pulsations) that causes brain pulsation and hence well-distributed intra ventricular and extraventricular cerebrospinal fluid which sandwich the brain parenchyma, (b) the anchoring effect provided by the nerve roots, filum terminale, denticulate ligament at the bottom and cranial nerves as well as blood vessels at the skull base, and importantly (c) the brain itself consists of 70% of water and 30% of dry matter, and 60% of dry matter actually consists of fat. In relation to this, the proofs for the central nervous system lie in the microgravity environment and are provided by: (a) weightlessness of the brain, (b) micro gravity or bending posture at the mid-brain level for the brain (therefore, terms such as ventral and dorsal, rostral and caudal for the brainstem and spinal cord and cerebrum are different: e.g., the term ventral for the brainstem is anterior whilst ventral for the cerebrum is inferior and the term rostral for the brainstem is the superior end whilst for the cerebrum, it means the anterior end) ( Figure 1C), (c) the central nervous system development always requires buoyant environment, and this is provided by the chorionic and later by an amni otic fluid during pregnancy, (d) sinking skin flap syndrome with alteration in cerebral blood flow in a chronic craniectomy patient [19], (e) the brain seems to easily float when saline flushing is made during open brain surgery, (f) brainshift whenever CSF buoyancy is elimi nated: this may suggest that the brain could indeed be in 'neutral buoyancy' by which 'CSF density' is nearly the same with 'brain density' [20,21] and (g) studies indicating simulated microgravity enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons [8,22]. These arguments point that the CNS could possibly lie within a microgravity environment (between 0 and 1g or 9.81 m/s 2 ).…”