The Simple Method of Preparation of Highly Carboxylated Bacterial Cellulose with Ni- and Mg-Ferrite-Based Versatile Magnetic Carrier for Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

The bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer of microbial origin characterized by high purity and unusual water and material properties. However, the native BC contains a low number of functional groups, which significantly limits its further application. The main goal of its effective modification is to use methods that allow the unusual properties of BC to be retained and the desired functional group to be efficiently introduced. In the present study, the new magnetic carrier based on functionalized citric acid (CA) bacterial cellulose was developed and tested to support critical industrial enzymes such as lipase B from Candida antarctica and phospholipase A from Aspergillus oryzae. The applied method allowed BC to be effectively modified by citric acid and a sufficient number of carboxylic groups to be introduced, up to 3.6 mmol of COOH per gram of dry mass of the prepared carrier. The DSC and TGA analyses revealed carrier stability at operational temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 100 °C and substantially influenced the amount of the introduced carboxyl groups on carrier properties. Both enzymes’ immobilization significantly improves their thermal stability at 60 °C without a significant thermal and pH optima effect. The analyzed enzymes showed good operational stability with a significant residual activity after ten cycles of repeated uses. The new magnetic carrier based on highly carboxylated bacterial cellulose has a high application capability as matrix for immobilization the various enzymes of industrial interest.

Potato Juice, a Starch Industry Waste, as a Cost-Effective Medium for the Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose

“…As a result, BC is safe with regard to industrial applications, as well as for the environment [ 1 , 2 ]. Thanks to the above-mentioned unique properties, BC is versatile, having numerous and diverse applications: in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical/biomedical, paper, and textile industries [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Karakterisasi Biofilm Selulosa Bakteri dengan Modifikasi Gliserol secara Ex Situ

“…Pita selulosa khas yang ditunjukkan pada bilangan gelombang 1.031 cm -1 sesuai dengan peregangan simetris C-O dari alkohol primer [24]. Regangan ini disebabkan adanya ikatan hidrogen yang dibentuk oleh residu -OH dari alkohol primer dan gugus karboksil (-COOH) yang ditemukan dalam jumlah kecil di ujung fibril yang terbentuk selama pemurnian SB [25]. Hal ini didukung dengan hasil analisis biofilm dengan menggunakan EDX yang menunjukkan banyaknya kandungan karbon pada biofilm.…”

A Review on the Modification of Cellulose and Its Applications

“…The introduction of NaCl improves the selectivity and increases particle aggregation [ 221 ], indicating that the sensor might be employed as a cysteine-specific colorimetric visual probe. The range of the CMC-functionalized AuNPs was detected from 10.0–100.0 M [ 222 , 223 ].…”