The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents

Cohen, Daniel D.; Sandercock, Gavin; Camacho, Paul Anthony; Otero, Johanna; Romero, Sandra Milena Pinzon; Marín, Rocío del Pilar Martínez; Sierra, Camilo Andrés Villamizar; Carreño, Javier; Moran, Jason; López‐Jaramillo, Patricio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248110

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the intervention not only promoted greater improvements in lean body mass but also led to smaller increases in sum of skinfolds, suggestive of attenuated fat mass gain. This aligns with our previous findings following an afterschool resistance training program in adolescents in a different state school in Colombia, also with a supervised intervention versus PE research design (7). The present intervention, conducted within school and during the same time period, demonstrated a more effective and efficient use of time in terms of achieving not only health-related fitness markers but also beneficial trends in body composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fitness Changes in Adolescent Girls Following In-School Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise: Interaction With Birthweight

Cohen

Carreño

Camacho

et al. 2022

Pediatric Exercise Science

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Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a supervised in-school combined resistance and aerobic training program in adolescent girls and investigate whether responses differ according to birthweight. Methods: Participants (girls aged 13–17 y) were randomized either to an intervention replacing physical education (PE) classes with 2 × 60-minute training sessions per week (n = 58) or to a control group that continued to attend 2 × 60 minutes per week of curriculum PE (n = 41). We measured muscular fitness (handgrip, standing long jump, and sit-ups), cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run), skinfolds, and lean body mass preintervention and postintervention and determined effect size (Hedge’s g) differences between changes in these measures. We also compared changes within lower (<3000 g) and normal birthweight intervention and PE control subgroups. Results: The intervention group showed greater improvements in all the fitness measures and lean body mass (g = 0.22–0.48) and lower skinfold increases (g = 0.41) than PE controls. Within the intervention group, improvements in all fitness measures were larger in lower birthweight (g = 0.53–0.94) than in normal birthweight girls (g = 0.02–0.39). Conclusion: Replacing curriculum PE with supervised training improved muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition outcomes in adolescent females. Our findings suggest an enhanced adaptive response to training in participants with lower birthweight which warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fitness Changes in Adolescent Girls Following In-School Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise: Interaction With Birthweight

Cohen

Carreño

Camacho

et al. 2022

Pediatric Exercise Science

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“…A total of 3,486 participants (1,685 girls) were included in the control group (CON) group that participated in regular physical activity (PA) or physical education (PE), 426 participants (171 girls) were included in the active video games (AVGs) group ( 24–31 ), 1,670 participants (803 girls) were included in the game-based exercise (GB) group ( 32–42 ), 1,085 participants (522 girls) were included in the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group ( 36 , 37 , 43–65 ), 1,005 participants (462 girls) were included in the strength training (ST) group ( 41 , 66–82 ), 599 participants (300 girls) were included in the aerobic training (AT) group ( 49 , 53 , 56 , 61 , 62 , 66 , 76 , 83–87 ), and 307 participants (197 girls) were included in the combined aerobic and strength training (CT) group ( 68–71 , 76 , 88 , 89 ). Interventions lasted on average of 13.9 ± 9.6 weeks and ranged from 4 to 50 weeks, with 73% of studies lasting less than 12 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Wu¹,

Yang²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundSchools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting.MethodsAn online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework.ResultsA total of 66 studies with 8,578 participants (48% girls) were included. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = −0.60 kg·m−2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −1.04 to −0.15, p = 0.009), elevating VO2max (MD = 3.59 mL·kg−1·min−1, 95% CI = 2.45 to 4.74, p < 0.001), and 20-meter sprint performance (MD = −0.35 s, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.14, p = 0.001). Aerobic training had the highest probability of reducing waist circumference (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.60, 95% CI = −0.88 to −0.32, p < 0.001). Active video games emerged as a promising modality for improving countermovement jump (MD = 2.43 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 4.80, p = 0.041) and shuttle running performance (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.43, p = 0.003). Strength training was the best exercise mode for improving standing long jump performance (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.98, p = 0.035) while combined training was rated the first for decreasing body fat percent (MD = −2.56%, 95% CI = −4.73 to −0.40, p = 0.022) and increasing push-up repetitions (SMD = 3.59, 95% CI = 0.81 to 6.37, p = 0.012).ConclusionSchool-based exercise interventions have multiple effects on physical fitness. The findings of this study will help to inform physical education teachers and coaches how best to deliver exercise programs in a school setting. Since the study was limited by the original research, the conclusions will require further verification using high-quality randomized controlled trials.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42023401963.

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Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old

Spiga,

Tomlinson,

Davies

et al. 2024

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Prevention of obesity in adolescents is an international public health priority. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is over 25% in North and South America, Australia, most of Europe, and the Gulf region. Interventions that aim to prevent obesity involve strategies that promote healthy diets or ‘activity’ levels (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and/or sleep) or both, and work by reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure, respectively. There is uncertainty over which approaches are more effective, and numerous new studies have been published over the last five years since the previous version of this Cochrane Review. Objectives To assess the effects of interventions that aim to prevent obesity in adolescents by modifying dietary intake or ‘activity’ levels, or a combination of both, on changes in BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events. Search methods We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was February 2023. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials in adolescents (mean age 12 years and above but less than 19 years), comparing diet or 'activity' interventions (or both) to prevent obesity with no intervention, usual care, or with another eligible intervention, in any setting. Studies had to measure outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks post baseline. We excluded interventions designed primarily to improve sporting performance. Data collection and analysis We used standard Cochrane methods. Our outcomes were BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events, assessed at short‐ (12 weeks to < 9 months from baseline), medium‐ (9 months to < 15 months) and long‐term (≥ 15 months) follow‐up. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. Main results This review includes 74 studies (83,407 participants); 54 studies (46,358 participants) were included in meta‐analyses. Sixty studies were based in high‐income countries. The main setting for intervention delivery was schools (57 studies), followed by home (nine studies), the community (five studies) and a primary care setting (three studies). Fifty‐one interventions were implemented for less than nine months; the shortest was conducted over one visit and the longest over 28 months. Sixty‐two studies declared non‐industry funding; five were funded in part by industry. Dietary interventions versus control The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of dietary interventions on body mass index (BMI) at short‐term follow‐up (mean difference (MD) ‐0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‐0.41 to 0.06; 3 studies, 605 participants), medium‐term follow‐up (MD ‐0.65, 95% CI ‐1.18 to ‐0.11; 3 studies, 900 participants), and standardised BMI (zBMI) at long‐term follow‐up (MD ‐0.14, 95% CI ‐0.38 to 0.10; 2 studies, 1089 participants); all very low‐certainty evidence. Compared wit...

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The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Fitness Changes in Adolescent Girls Following In-School Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise: Interaction With Birthweight

Fitness Changes in Adolescent Girls Following In-School Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise: Interaction With Birthweight

Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old

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