The silent spread of Porcine Bocavirus in Croatian pigs: should we be concerned?

Abstract

A survey was conducted to evaluate the presence and prevalence of Porcine Bocavirus (PBoV) in Croatian domestic pigs by means of PCR targeting the NS1 gene fragment of PBoV. This study included testing of faecal samples collected from 10 small commercial farms and 11 small backyard holdings in Croatia. The presence of PBoV was confirmed by PCR in 24 out of 57 composite faecal samples from small commercial farms and in 12 out of 43 composite faecal samples from small backyard holdings. The PCR products of 18 positive samples were sequenced for genotyping. PBoV sequences grouped into the PBoV-a, PBoV-b and PBoV-c groups with 90.81% to 99.25% nucleotide identity. All Croatian PBoV sequences showed a high nucleotide and amino acid identity with PBoV sequences from China and Hong Kong, the United States, Sweden, and Slovenia. These results clearly show that PBoV is circulating among the domestic pig population in Croatia.

Porcine Bocavirus: A 10-Year History since Its Discovery

“…In Croatia, the prevalence rate of PBoV was found to be 100% (10/10) in small commercial farms, 45.45% (5/11) in composite fecal samples after small backyard holdings, 42.1% (24/57) in small commercial pig farms and 27.9% (12/43) in small backyard holdings (Keros et al 2017). In Malaysia, out of 103 samples from 17 pigs, 32 samples from 15 pigs were positive for PBoV, revealing a prevalence rate of 90.9% (Jacob et al 2018).…”

“…Since 2009, the virus has been reported throughout the world (Fig. 1), including Sweden (Blomström et al 2009), China (Cheng et al 2010;Zhai et al 2010), the USA (Cheung et al 2010;Shan et al 2011b;Jiang et al 2014), Ireland (McKillen et al 2011Gunn et al 2015), Romania (Cadar et al 2011), Hungary (Csagola et al 2012), Croatia (Cadar et al 2013;Keros et al 2017), Cameroon (Ndze et al 2013), the UK (McMenamy et al 2013), Thailand (Saekhow and Ikeda 2014), Korea (Choi et al 2014), the Czech Republic, Slovakia (Vlasakova et al 2014), Mexico (Schirtzinger et al 2015), Germany (Pfankuche et al 2016), Japan (Zhang et al 2016), Uganda, Kenya (Amimo et al 2017), Slovenia (Keros et al 2017), Belgium (Conceicao-Neto et al 2017, and Malaysia (Jacob et al 2018). Even though PBoV has been identified in many countries (Fig.…”

Triplex-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Three Pathogens of Porcine Viral Diarrhea Syndrome in Swine

“…Within a year, PBoV was observed in diarrheic pigs, as well as pigs suffering from respiratory problems [ 5 ]. It has subsequently been reported worldwide [ 5 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. PBoV is a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Boca virus genus of the Parvoviridae subfamily parvoviridae [ 23 ].…”