Porcine Bocavirus: A 10-Year History since Its Discovery

Abstract

Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) is a single-stranded DNA virus, belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus of family Parvoviridae. It was discovered along with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2) and torque tenovirus (TTV) in the lymph nodes of pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Sweden in 2009. PBoV has been reported throughout the world, mostly in weaning piglets, and has a broad range of tissue tropism. Since PBoV is prevalent in healthy as well as clinically infected pigs and is mostly associated with coinfection with other viruses, the pathogenic nature of PBoV is still unclear. Currently, there are no cell lines available for the study of PBoV, and animal model experiments have not been described. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about PBoV, including the epidemiology, evolution analysis, detection methods, pathogenesis and public health concerns.

Molecular Surveillance for Bocaparvoviruses and Bufaviruses in the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)

“…Furthermore, experimental attempts as well as a future screening of samples not tested as part of the current study such as brain, lung, spleen, and kidney tissues, including the in situ hybridization of tissues showing pathologies, will reveal whether both BoVs and HhBuVs can have a pathogenic role in the E. europaeus species’ intestinal or extraintestinal systems. Finally, the high mutation rates of BoVs and BuVs, as well as their recombination events, may lead to fast evolution and host escape, crossing interspecies barriers [ 69 , 70 ]. Considering the close contact of E. europaeus with humans and domestic animals, also providing a link to other wild species, gathering information on the virome of wildlife is pivotal not only for animal conservation but also for the assessment of zoonotic risks for humans from a One Health perspective.…”

Porcine ear necrosis: characterization of lesions and associated pathogens

“…Other viruses such as astrovirus, picobirnavirus, and rotaviruses were abundantly detected, but these are thought to be rather environmental contaminants [ 13 ]. Bocaparvovirus was first detected by Blomström et al [ 29 ], but its pathogenicity remains unclear till now [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of coinfecting DNA viruses in Vietnamese pigs in 2017 and 2021

“…In the present study, PBoV had a relatively high prevalence of 65.9% in 2021. PBoV was first isolated in Sweden from lymph node samples from pigs infected with PMWS in 2009 [ 33 ] and was subsequently recorded in North America, Asia, Great Britain, Eastern Europe, and Africa [ 12 ]. Even though PBoV has been identified in many countries, its prevalence may differ based on the geographical location, age of the pigs, and pig herd management.…”

“…In addition, PBoV is an ssDNA virus belonging to the genus Bocaparvovirus of the family Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.15/October-2022/15.pdf Parvoviridae. It was discovered along with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and TTV in the lymph nodes of pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Sweden in 2009 [12]. To date, three distinct swine TTV genogroups (TTV1, TTV2, and TTV3) have been discovered in domestic pigs and wild Suidae [13][14][15].…”