The significant role of the Golgi apparatus in cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a ribbon-like system of stacks which consist of multiple closely apposed flattened cisternae and vesicles usually localized in the juxta-nuclear area. As for the biological functions, the GA plays a major role in protein biosynthesis, post-translational modification, and sorting protein from ER to plasma membrane and other destinations. Structural changes and functional disorder of the GA is associated with various diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that swelling, poor development, and other morphological alterations of the GA are linked to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, dysfunction of the GA is also related to cardiovascular diseases since the GA is extremely responsible for transport, glycosylation, biosynthesis, and subcellular distribution of cardiovascular proteins. This review gives a brief overview of the intricate relationship between the GA and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we provide a further prospective that the GA may provide diagnosis reference for cardiovascular diseases, and changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of the GA such as swelling, poor development, and fragmentation may serve as a reliable index for cardiovascular diseases.

The role of the Golgi apparatus in disease (Review)

“…Apoptosis triggered by structural changes and functional disorder of the Golgi contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (25), ischemic stroke (5,6), cardiovascular diseases (26), pulmonary arterial hypertension (9,10), infectious diseases (12,13), and cancer (27). A summary of diseases relating to the Golgi apparatus, classified on the basis of the main organ affected is shown in Fig.…”

“…Structural changes and functional disorder of the Golgi apparatus have been identified in many cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and chronic arial fibrillation (61)(62)(63)(64). A previous review clarified the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and various cardiovascular diseases (26). For example, in dilated cardiomyopathy patients, morphological changes in Golgi vesicle are consistent with the secretion of natriuretic peptide as the rate of protein secretion affects the morphology and size of Golgi vesicles (7).…”

Transcriptomic Comparison of Human Peripartum and Dilated Cardiomyopathy Identifies Differences in Key Disease Pathways

“…The formation of golgi vesicles is critical in the processing and transport of proteins and lipids to various parts of the cell, and these dynamic functions are intricately interlinked to lipid metabolism [38]. Prior studies of Golgi vesicles isolated from hearts were strongly associated with cardiac disorders, including pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and DCM [39]. In DCM, Golgi vesicles were smaller but present in greater numbers, which correlated with the LV ejection fraction.…”

Fluorescent probes for targeting the Golgi apparatus: design strategies and applications

“…9,10 Therefore, the accurate in situ monitoring of bioactive species in the Golgi will provide a comprehensive appreciation of the biological functions and pathological processes linked with the Golgi apparatus, which can help facilitate the diagnosis of Golgi related diseases and monitor therapeutic agents during the treatment of diseases. 11–15…”