The significance of drug analysis of sweat in respect to rapid screening for drug abuse

Ishiyama, Ikuo; Nagai, Toshiaki; Komuro, E.; Mutoh, T.; Akimori, N

doi:10.1007/bf02092036

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In 1942, Oberst detected morphine in skin excretion [48] which was later confirmed by Ishiyama et al [30] and Balabanova and Schneider [1] and Balabanova et al [2]. After heroin abuse, heroin and 6-acetylmorphine but little morphine was found in perspiration samples as evidenced by GC/MS analysis [17].…”

Section: Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The presence of various drugs on the skin surface has been reported, including amphetamines [16,30,36,64,69], cocaine [1,4,10,58,59,61,62], opioids [10,26,37,38,40,48,51,58] and phencyclidine [12]. Although it is poorly understood how nonvolatile chemicals exit the body through the skin, potential pathways for drug molecules to reach the skin surface are via (Fig.…”

Section: Biophysical Data On Transdermal Drug Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspiration versus saliva - basic aspects concerning their use in roadside drug testing

Skopp

Pötsch

1999

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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Various aspects concerning the practical application and forensic interpretation of data obtained by saliva drug testing and drug monitoring from the skin surface are discussed. Basic information on the composition of saliva and skin secretions and their particular transport mechanisms, as far as known, are given. For drugs of abuse secretion into saliva is suggested to be by passive diffusion and to depend on lipid solubility, pKa, plasma protein binding and on the pH of saliva. Drug molecules from blood are considered to reach the skin surface by various routes such as by sweat and sebum as well as by inter- and/or transcellular diffusion. The role of the stratum corneum as a temporary drug reservoir exceeding positive drug findings in urine is outlined. Current data on opioids, cocaine metabolites, cannabinoids and amphetamines detected in saliva and on the skin surface are reviewed. Aspects of collection, processing and analysis of the samples for implementation in roadside testing are addressed. The requirement of test sensitivity covering the broad concentration ranges and the importance of test specificity bearing in mind that the parent drug is the main analyte present in those specimens is stressed. Theoretical and practical findings on frequently abused drugs are discussed with regard to the possibilities and limitations of drug monitoring from saliva and perspiration to support a suspicion of actual or recent drug administration.

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Section: Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Biophysical Data On Transdermal Drug Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspiration versus saliva - basic aspects concerning their use in roadside drug testing

Skopp

Pötsch

1999

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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“…''Veronal'' was first detected by Jansch [35] in connection with a lethal barbiturate intoxication. Nowadays, the detection methods for drugs in sweat include immunoassay techniques [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and mostly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Detailed information on sample preparation or data on operation parameters using the IMS methodology for sweat analysis have not been published in literature so far.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As demonstrated in Table 3 the results obtained by ion mobility spectrometry are in good agreement with the results obtained by GC-MS. In the cases examined cocaine could be detected at [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and mostly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are applied. The goal of the present study was to indicate that IMS can be a simple and reliable tool for the detection of cocaine in sweat of deceased drug addicts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ion mobility spectrometry in cases of forensic interest

Keller

Tutsch-Bauer

et al. 2006

Forensic Science International

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“…Not only narcotics and stimulants, but also many alkaloids and barbiturates are excreted in the sweat and detected quantitatively by the same principles [46,103]. To determine the time course, the cumulative excretion, the intra-subject variability, the influence of site application, and the concentrations of phenobarbital in sweat following administration of a single dose of the drug a clinical study was performed [46].…”

Section: E Other Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of Sweat Testing For Drugs of Abuse: A Review

Giovanni¹,

Fucci²

2013

Current Medicinal Chemistry

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Sweat is an alternative biological matrix useful to detect drugs of abuse intake. It is produced by eccrine and apocrine glands originating in the skin dermis and terminating in secretory canals that flow into the skin surface and hair follicles. Since many years it has been demonstrated that endogenous and exogenous chemicals are secreted in this biological sample hence its collection and analysis could show the past intake of xenobiotics. From the seventies the excretion of drugs of abuse has been investigated in human skin excretion; later in nineties forensic scientists began to experiment some techniques to trap sweat for analyses. Even if the use of skin excretions for drug testing has been restricted mainly by difficulties in sample recovery, the marketing of systems for the sample collection has allowed successful sweat testing for several drugs of abuse. In the recent years sweat testing developed a noninvasive monitoring of drug exposure in various contexts as criminal justice, employment and outpatient clinical settings. This paper provides an overview of literature data about sweat drug testing procedures for various xenobiotics especially cocaine metabolites, opiates, cannabis and amphetamines. Issues related to collection, analysis and interpretation of skin excretions as well as its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Moreover the chance to apply the technique to some particular situation such as workplace drug testing, drivers, doping or prenatal diagnosis, the comparison between sweat and other non conventional matrices are also reviewed. According to literature data the analysis of sweat may be usefully alternative for verifying drug history and for monitoring compliance.

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The significance of drug analysis of sweat in respect to rapid screening for drug abuse

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Perspiration versus saliva - basic aspects concerning their use in roadside drug testing

Perspiration versus saliva - basic aspects concerning their use in roadside drug testing

Application of ion mobility spectrometry in cases of forensic interest

The Current Status of Sweat Testing For Drugs of Abuse: A Review

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