The “side” matters: How configurality is reflected in completion

Kogo, Naoki; Wagemans, Johan

doi:10.1080/17588928.2012.727387

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The current understanding is that figure-ground assignment entails inhibition. In current models, inhibitory competition occurs between object properties on opposite sides of borders; the side that wins the competition is perceived as the figure whereas the losing side is inhibited and perceived as the ground (e.g., Craft, Schütze, Niebur, & von der Heydt, 2007;Grossberg, 1994;Kogo & Wagemans, 2013;Peterson, de Gelder, Rapcsak, Gerhardstein, & Bachoud-Lévi, 2000;Sejnowski & Hinton, 1987). Consistent with these models, a recent study using an online measure of neural activity showed evidence of more neural inhibition when observers viewed displays designed to require more inhibitory competition for figure assignment across a border (Sanguinetti, Trujillo, Schnyer, Allen, & Peterson, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment

et al. 2016

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We assessed age differences in the ability to resolve competition for figural status in stationary displays using small, enclosed, symmetrical silhouettes that participants classified as depicting "novel" or "familiar" shapes. The silhouettes were biased such that the inside was perceived as the shaped figure, and the outside was perceived as a shapeless ground. The critical manipulation was whether a portion of a meaningful object was suggested on the outside of the border of some of the novel silhouettes but not others (M+Ground and M-Ground novel silhouettes, respectively). This manipulation was intended to induce greater inhibitory competition for figural status from the groundside in M+Ground silhouettes than M-Ground silhouettes. In previous studies, young adults classified M+Ground silhouettes as "novel" faster than M-Ground silhouettes (Trujillo, Allen, Schnyer, & Peterson, 2010), suggesting that young adults may recruit more inhibition to resolve figure-ground when there is more competition. We replicated this effect with young adults in the present study, but older adults showed the opposite pattern and were less accurate in classifying M+Ground than M-Ground silhouettes. These results extend the evidence for inhibitory deficits in older adults to figure assignment in stationary displays. The (M+Ground - M-Ground) RT differences were evident in observers' longest responses, consistent with the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits are evident when the need for inhibition is substantial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment

et al. 2016

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“…Both contour grouping and figureground assignment have been shown to contribute to the perception of a surface when presented with the standard Kanizsa stimulus (Conci et al, 2009;Kogo, Strecha, Van Gool, & Wagemans, 2010;Kogo & Wagemans, 2013), yet the contribution of both has been shown to be different with respect to timing and neural correlates (Cox & Maier, 2015;Poort et al, 2012). Indeed, there is evidence that the perceptual organization involved in the construction of a Kanizsa surface is dependent upon the functioning of higher areas in the visual ventral stream, namely the lateral occipital complex (LOC) (de-Wit, Kentridge, & Milner, 2009;Seghier & Vuilleumier, 2006;Stanley & Rubin, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for surface organization in Kanizsa configurations during continuous flash suppression

Moors

Wagemans

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Does one need to be aware of a visual stimulus for it to be perceptually organized into a coherent whole? The answer to this question regarding the interplay between Gestalts and visual awareness remains unclear. Using interocular suppression as the paradigm for rendering stimuli invisible, conflicting evidence has been obtained as to whether the traditional Kanizsa surface is constructed during interocular suppression. While Sobel and Blake (2003) and Harris, Schwarzkopf, Song, Bahrami, and Rees (2011) failed to find evidence for this, Wang, Weng, and He (2012) showed that standard configurations of Kanizsa pacmen would break interocular suppression faster than their rotated counterparts. In the current study, we replicated the findings by Wang et al. (2012) but show that neither an account based on the construction of a surface nor one based on the long-range collinearities in the standard Kanizsa configuration stimulus could fully explain the difference in breakthrough times. We discuss these findings in the context of differences in the amplitudes of the Fourier orientation spectra for all stimulus types. Thus, we find no evidence that the integration of separate elements takes place during interocular suppression of Kanizsa stimuli, suggesting that this Gestalt involving figure-ground assignment is not constructed when rendered nonconscious using interocular suppression.

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“…Almost all work to date has focused on how perceptual organization depends on the geometrical properties of shapes, for example, when explaining how shapes are decomposed into parts212223 or how missing pieces of occluded or fragmented shapes are interpolated2425262728293031323334. Here, however, we are interested in how shapes are perceived and represented depending on higher-level inferences about the causal origin of objects and their features.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual perception of shape altered by inferred causal history

Spröte

Schmidt

Fleming

2016

Sci Rep

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One of the main functions of vision is to represent object shape. Most theories of shape perception focus exclusively on geometrical computations (e.g., curvatures, symmetries, axis structure). Here, however, we find that shape representations are also profoundly influenced by an object’s causal origins: the processes in its past that formed it. Observers placed dots on objects to report their perceived symmetry axes. When objects appeared ‘complete’—created entirely by a single generative process—responses closely approximated the object’s geometrical axes. However, when objects appeared ‘bitten’—as if parts had been removed by a distinct causal process—the responses deviated significantly from the geometrical axes, as if the bitten regions were suppressed from the computation of symmetry. This suppression of bitten regions was also found when observers were not asked about symmetry axes but about the perceived front and back of objects. The findings suggest that visual shape representations are more sophisticated than previously appreciated. Objects are not only parsed according to what features they have, but also to how or why they have those features.

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The “side” matters: How configurality is reflected in completion

Cited by 24 publications

References 86 publications

Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment

Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment

No evidence for surface organization in Kanizsa configurations during continuous flash suppression

Visual perception of shape altered by inferred causal history

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