The Short-Term Effects of Delayed Application of Electric Fields in the Damaged Rodent Spinal Cord

Politis, Michael J.; Zanakis, Michael F.

doi:10.1227/00006123-198907000-00012

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The next generation of implantable biomaterials will be designed to induce specific cellular responses at the molecular level, and combine the separate concepts of bioactive materials and resorbable materials 1. In the past few decades, many studies have discovered that electric fields or stimuli can help the regaining of function in damaged rodent spinal cord,2 stimulate the healing of chronic wounds and nerve regeneration3 and enhance endochondral ossification 4. Electroactive polymers have therefore attracted much attention for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable and Electroactive Hydrogel Based on Aniline Oligomer and Gelatin

Liu

Zhuang

et al. 2011

Macromolecular Bioscience

117

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A biodegradable electroactive hydrogel (AP-g-GA), aniline pentamer (AP) grafting gelatin (GA), is synthesized by a coupling reaction between the carboxyl group of AP and the amino side group of GA in aqueous solution. The electroactivity of the physical hydrogel is confirmed by UV-vis and CV. The hydrophobic AP changes the hydrogel's porous structure of the natural GA and the gel-time, which is confirmed by the rheological behavior of the AP-g-GA and GA. With an increase in the content of AP, the hydrogel gradually forms a porous structure, from "honeycomb" to "bamboo raft". The porous scaffolds can be crosslinked with 3.5% EDC in 90% ethanol. MTT assays show that the AP-g-GA exhibits reduced cytotoxicity compared to EM AP due to the introduction of the biocompatible GA moiety. The in vitro cell cultures suggest that the AP-g-GA#1 (with 1.9% AP) shows the best biocompatibility and cell adhesion ability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable and Electroactive Hydrogel Based on Aniline Oligomer and Gelatin

Liu

Zhuang

et al. 2011

Macromolecular Bioscience

117

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“…1 An electric field enhances the endochondral ossification, 2 stimulates the healing of chronic wound and nerve regeneration, 3,4 and helps the regaining of function in the damaged rodent spinal cord. 5 To take advantage of electrical stimuli, many researchers have sought to incorporate the conducting polymers into biomaterials. For example, polyaniline and its derivatives were found to be able to function as biocompatible substrates, upon which both H9c2 cardiac myoblasts and PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells can adhere, grow, and differentiate well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive Aniline Pentamer Cross-Linking Chitosan for Stimulation Growth of Electrically Sensitive Cells

Huang

Zhuang

et al. 2008

Biomacromolecules

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A new kind of electroactive polymers was synthesized by using aniline pentamer (AP) cross-linking chitosan (CS) in acetic acid/DMSO/DMF solution. UV-vis and CV confirmed the electroactivity of polymers in acidic aqueous solution. The amphiphilic polymers self-assembled into 200-300 nm micelles by dialysis against deionized water from the acetic acid buffer solution. Three samples with different weight percentages of AP were used to identify the relationship between the content of AP and the differentiation of rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells without external stimulation. From the results, samples with AP showed an obvious improvement in inducing PC-12 differentiation, while PC-12 on pure CS films had only little neurites on the fifth day; the cells on the films prepared from the samples with 4.9% and 9.5% AP even formed intricate networks. However, the influence of the AP content was the most significant at 4.9 wt % and it decreased when the content increased further.

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“…Politis and Zanakis [66] investigated whether similar recovery could be established after a delay in the initiation of treatment. They contused spinal cords of rats and allowed untreated recovery for 10 days.…”

Section: Applied Electrical Fields For Axonal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury: an overview

2008

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Structural discontinuity in the spinal cord after injury results in a disruption in the impulse conduction resulting in loss of various bodily functions depending upon the level of injury. This article presents a summary of the scientific research employing electrical stimulation as a means for anatomical or functional recovery for patients suffering from spinal cord injury. Electrical stimulation in the form of functional electrical stimulation (FES) can help facilitate and improve upper/lower limb mobility along with other body functions lost due to injury e.g. respiratory, sexual, bladder or bowel functions by applying a controlled electrical stimulus to generate contractions and functional movement in the paralysed muscles. The available rehabilitative techniques based on FES technology and various Food and Drug Administration, USA approved neuroprosthetic devices that are in use are discussed. The second part of the article summarises the experimental work done in the past 2 decades to study the effects of weakly applied direct current fields in promoting regeneration of neurites towards the cathode and the new emerging technique of oscillating field stimulation which has shown to promote bidirectional regeneration in the injured nerve fibres. The present article is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather a summary aiming to highlight these two applications of electrical stimulation and the degree of anatomical/functional recovery associated with these in the field of spinal cord injury research.

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The Short-Term Effects of Delayed Application of Electric Fields in the Damaged Rodent Spinal Cord

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable and Electroactive Hydrogel Based on Aniline Oligomer and Gelatin

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable and Electroactive Hydrogel Based on Aniline Oligomer and Gelatin

Electroactive Aniline Pentamer Cross-Linking Chitosan for Stimulation Growth of Electrically Sensitive Cells

Role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury: an overview

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