Electroactive Aniline Pentamer Cross-Linking Chitosan for Stimulation Growth of Electrically Sensitive Cells

Abstract

A new kind of electroactive polymers was synthesized by using aniline pentamer (AP) cross-linking chitosan (CS) in acetic acid/DMSO/DMF solution. UV-vis and CV confirmed the electroactivity of polymers in acidic aqueous solution. The amphiphilic polymers self-assembled into 200-300 nm micelles by dialysis against deionized water from the acetic acid buffer solution. Three samples with different weight percentages of AP were used to identify the relationship between the content of AP and the differentiation of rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells without external stimulation. From the results, samples with AP showed an obvious improvement in inducing PC-12 differentiation, while PC-12 on pure CS films had only little neurites on the fifth day; the cells on the films prepared from the samples with 4.9% and 9.5% AP even formed intricate networks. However, the influence of the AP content was the most significant at 4.9 wt % and it decreased when the content increased further.

Injectable, degradable, electroactive nanocomposite hydrogels containing conductive polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications

“…16 Hu et al evidenced that for AP crosslinking chitosan, polymers with AP weight content of 4.9% had the most significant improvement in proliferation and differentiation of PC-12 cells compared to those with AP content of 2.4% and 9.5%. 11 These results suggest that tetraaniline content is a key influential factor in biocompatibility of tetraaniline containing biomaterials, and the optimal value should be carefully determined via experiments for specific biomedical applications. The growth of cells on different eGels was further assessed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining of cell nucleus, and the results are in accordance with alamarBlue assay.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that electroactive materials can promote the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells including cardiomyocytes, neurons, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and preosteoblasts with or without electrical stimuli. 1,6,7,[10][11][12] Furthermore, the electroactive materials can resist the oxidative damage to tissue during tissue regeneration by scavenging free radicals. 13,14 In general, such hydrogels can be prepared by introducing conducting composites into injectable degradable hydrogels through chemical/physical conjugation or simple mechanical mixing.…”

“…13,14 In general, such hydrogels can be prepared by introducing conducting composites into injectable degradable hydrogels through chemical/physical conjugation or simple mechanical mixing. [1][2][3]5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Among the used conducting composites, carbon nanotubes and oligomers of conducting polymers are the most popular due to their superb properties. Carbon nanotubes can impart both high mechanical and electrical conductivity properties to hydrogels, but the difficulty in batch production with uniform and repeated structure and properties, the weak interactions with hydrophilic hydrogels and the tendency to aggregate due to their hydrophobicity, and the unsatisfactory biocompatibility/toxicity limit their biomedical applications.…”

Morphology and Miscibility of Chitin-Polyaniline Blend

“…Intermolecular interaction such as dipole-dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding between component polymers will improve the miscibility and physical properties of blends. Several studies have been reported in recent years on blending or grafting of PANI with chitin and its derivatives [12][13][14][15] . The miscibility of PANI blend by viscometric studies and also the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the morphology of the blend has been reported 2 .…”

Nanomembranes and Nanofibers from Biodegradable Conducting Polymers

“…Therefore, the development of electroactive polymers able to dissolve in nontoxic aqueous media is required. The incorporation of oligoaniline into water-soluble polymers [e.g., chitosan (CS)] is a challenging task ( Figure 14) [49]. Specifically, an aniline pentamer with a terminal carboxylic group at each end was synthesized and subsequently activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide to allow the further condensation with amine groups of chitosan.…”