The shallow ground water chemistry of arsenic, fluorine, and major elements: Eastern Owens Lake, California

Levy, David B.; Schramke, Janet A.; Esposito, K.J.; Erickson, Tyler; Moore, Jr. Clyde H.

doi:10.1016/s0883-2927(98)00038-9

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous work by the present authors has shown that the elemental composition of most modern dust in southeastern California and southern Nevada represents well‐mixed contributions from lithologically and geographically diverse sources across the region [ Reheis et al , 2002]. An exception is Owens Valley dust, which is enriched in As, Ba, Li, Sb, Sr, and other elements because of an unusual combination of geochemically distinct sources in the flanking mountain ranges and to voluminous dust production by Owens (dry) Lake, a large wet playa with shallow groundwater beneath most of the dry lake bed [ Tyler et al , 1997; Levy et al , 1999]. Of these elements, only As, Sb, and to a lesser extent Ba, appear to be exported in detectable amounts as shown by downwind decreases (i.e., away from Owens Valley) in their concentrations in modern dust [ Reheis et al , 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States

et al. 2009

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[1] Modern dusts across southwestern United States deserts are compositionally similar to dust-rich Av soil horizons (depths of 0-0.5 cm and 1-4 cm at 35 sites) for common crustal elements but distinctly different for some trace elements. Chemical compositions and magnetic properties of the soil samples are similar among sites relative to dust sources, geographic areas, and lithologic substrates. Exceptions are Li, U, and W, enriched in Owens Valley, California, and Mg and Sr, enriched in soils formed on calcareous fan gravel in southeast Nevada. The Av horizons are dominated by dust and reflect limited mixing with substrate sediments. Modern dust samples are also similar across the region, except that Owens Valley dusts are higher in Mg, Ba, and Li and dusts both there and at sites to the north on volcanic substrates are higher in Sb and W. Thus, dust and Av horizons consist of contributions from many different sources that are well mixed before deposition. Modern dusts contain significantly greater amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Sb than do Av horizons, which record dust additions over hundreds to thousands of years. These results suggest that modern dust compositions are influenced by anthropogenic sources and emissions from Owens (dry) Lake after its artificial desiccation in 1926. Both modern dusts and Av horizons are enriched in As, Ba, Cu, Li, Sb, Th, U, and W relative to average crustal composition, which we interpret to indicate that the geologic sources of dust in the southwestern United States are geochemically distinctive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States

et al. 2009

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“…We note that the correlation between hygroscopicity and sulfate decreases when the Owens Lake Crust is not considered due to the fact that most of the sulfate associated with this sample was likely in the form of mirabilite, which is much more hygroscopic (e.g., κ ∼ 1.04 for Na 2 SO 4 31 ) than other sulfate-containing minerals such as gypsum (κ ∼ 0.01 for CaSO 4 46,47 ), which is not observed at Owens (dry) Lake and not geochemically expected given the composition of its sediments and groundwater. 50 Overall, the hygroscopic properties of playa sediment and dust particles were found to depend on the mineralogy of each sample highlighting the important role that chemical composition plays in the cloud nucleating properties of dust particles.…”

Section: Camentioning

confidence: 92%

Laboratory Studies of the Cloud Droplet Activation Properties and Corresponding Chemistry of Saline Playa Dust

Gaston

Pratt

Suski

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Playas emit large quantities of dust that can facilitate the activation of cloud droplets. Despite the potential importance of playa dusts for cloud formation, most climate models assume that all dust is nonhygroscopic; however, measurements are needed to clarify the role of dusts in aerosol-cloud interactions. Here, we report measurements of CCN activation from playa dusts and parameterize these results in terms of both κ-Koḧler theory and adsorption activation theory for inclusion in atmospheric models. κ ranged from 0.002 ± 0.001 to 0.818 ± 0.094, whereas Frankel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) adsorption parameters of A FHH = 2.20 ± 0.60 and B FHH = 1.24 ± 0.14 described the water uptake properties of the dusts. Measurements made using aerosol time-offlight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) revealed the presence of halite, sodium sulfates, and sodium carbonates that were strongly correlated with κ underscoring the role that mineralogy, including salts, plays in water uptake by dust. Predictions of κ made using bulk chemical techniques generally showed good agreement with measured values. However, several samples were poorly predicted suggesting that chemical heterogeneities as a function of size or chemically distinct particle surfaces can determine the hygroscopicity of playa dusts. Our results further demonstrate the importance of dust in aerosol−cloud interactions.

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“…Interestingly, F Ϫ is also slightly enriched relative to the seawater F/Cl ratio. The lack of F Ϫ removal in the most saline waters probably results from the relatively low Ca 2ϩ activities in these waters, which has been used to explain the quasi-conservative behavior of F Ϫ in other hypersaline systems (Jones et al, 1977;Levy et al, 1999). As mentioned above, the west lobe of Lake Bonney may be very old, whereas the east lobe has clearly undergone a recent drawdown-refill event.…”

Section: Lake Bonneymentioning

confidence: 98%

Halogen geochemistry of the McMurdo dry valleys lakes, Antarctica: Clues to the origin of solutes and lake evolution

Lyons

Welch

Snyder

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The shallow ground water chemistry of arsenic, fluorine, and major elements: Eastern Owens Lake, California

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States

Compositions of modern dust and surface sediments in the Desert Southwest, United States

Laboratory Studies of the Cloud Droplet Activation Properties and Corresponding Chemistry of Saline Playa Dust

Halogen geochemistry of the McMurdo dry valleys lakes, Antarctica: Clues to the origin of solutes and lake evolution

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