The Sexual Objectification and Alcohol Use Link: The Mediating Roles of Self-Objectification, Enjoyment of Sexualization, Body Shame, and Drinking Motives

Stop looking at me! associations between men's partner‐objectification and women's self‐objectification, body shame and life satisfaction in romantic relationships

“…Importantly, some scholars argued that self‐surveilling the body may not be inherently dangerous (DeVille, Ellmo, Horton, & Erchull, 2015) and that negative consequences associated with self‐objectification occurs through increased body shame, a negative emotion that women feel in relation to the self when cultural standards of beauty are not met (McKinley & Hyde, 1996). In this regard, correlational and experimental research (e.g., Baildon et al, 2021; Greenleaf, 2005; Kilpela et al, 2019; Mehak, Friedman, & Cassin, 2018; Pila, Gilchrist, Huellemann, Adam, & Sabiston, 2021; Schaefer et al, 2018) consistently revealed that self‐objectification in terms of heightened body‐surveillance is strictly related to increased body shame. Of particular interest to our research, Mercurio and Landry (2008) found that self‐objectification was associated with decreased life satisfaction, and this relationship was mediated by increased body shame and, in turn, reduced self‐esteem.…”

Validation of the Chinese Version of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale

“…A substantial body of the literature shows that self-objectification is directly related to women's mental health. Women with a high level of selfobjectification are associated with a high risk of physical anxiety (Tiggemann and Andrew, 2012;Watson et al, 2012), body dissatisfaction (Lindner et al, 2012;Tiggemann and Andrew, 2012;Brock et al, 2021), body shame (Tiggemann and Boundy, 2008;Choma et al, 2009;Baildon et al, 2021), depression (Peat and Muehlenkamp, 2011;Jones and Griffiths, 2015;Register et al, 2015), disordered eating Al-Mutawa et al, 2019;Kilpela et al, 2019;Holmes et al, 2020), and sexual dysfunction (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997;Tiggemann, 2011). Counselors and therapists can use C-SOBBS to help people deal with issues related to selfobjectification.…”

“…Women exposed to this kind of influence for a prolonged period will gradually accept and internalize these objectifying attitudes and view their own body from a third person's perspective, which leads to self-objectification. According to objectification theory, women practicing selfobjectification habitually monitor their own physical appearance (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997), which leads to body image issues, such as body shame (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997;Adams et al, 2017;Baildon et al, 2021) (Grippo and Hill, 2008;, physical anxiety (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997;Jongenelis et al, 2014;Adams et al, 2017), disordered eating (Cohen et al, 2018;Kilpela et al, 2019), depression (Jones and Griffiths, 2015;Register et al, 2015;Vencill et al, 2015), and sexual dysfunction (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997;Tiggemann, 2011). Physical shame as a common consequence of self-objectification has been extensively studied.…”

Women Veterans: Examining identity through an intersectional lens

“…The process of dehumanization and objectification also applies to anyone who does not conform to patriarchal dominant cultural standards. 16 From rape culture to race-based persecution, the current dominant culture treats those who do not conform as lesser people, or "items of conquest," which has roots in imperialism and colonization. 17 The process of dehumanization for those who do not fit the dominant culture mold not only exists in the active military community but also bleeds into all other aspects of life.…”