The Sex Differences in Cord-Blood Cholesterol and Fatty-Acid Levels Among Japanese Fetuses

Andoh, Tetsuo; Uda, Hidenori; Yoshimitsu, Nobuyuki; Hatano, Hiromichi; Ueda, Teppei; Iwamatsu, Youichi; Akiba, Suminori

doi:10.2188/jea.7.226

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In some studies, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides have been higher in female than in male neonates. 12,13 In our study, all biochemical factors examined were higher in girls than in boys, but this difference was significant only for total cholesterol and HDL-C. Although a gender difference is suggested for LDL-C and non-HDL-C components, we did not find previous studies that suggested a gender difference for combined HDL-C and non-HDL-C components in cord blood lipids.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The gender differences in cord lipids are controversial. In some studies, total cholesterol, HDL‐C, LDL‐C and triglycerides have been higher in female than in male neonates 12,13 . In our study, all biochemical factors examined were higher in girls than in boys, but this difference was significant only for total cholesterol and HDL‐C.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

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Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study

Kelishadi

Badiee

Adeli

2007

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Summary The cord blood lipid profile may be associated with lifelong changes in the metabolic functions of the individual. The aim of the present study was for the first time in Iran to assess the cord blood lipid profile of neonates, as well as some of its environmental influencing factors. The subjects were 442 (218 boys and 224 girls) normal vaginal delivery newborns. Overall, 14.4% of neonates were preterm and the rest were full‐term. In total, 9.2% (n = 35) of the full‐term newborns were small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), of which 16 had a ponderal index (PI) below the 10th percentile (SGA I) and 19 had a PI above the 10th percentile (SGA II), 5.5% (n = 21) were large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA), and the remainder were appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA).Before becoming pregnant, 6.9% of mothers were underweight, 49.3% had normal body mass index (BMI), 39.4% were overweight and 4.4% were obese. Total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in girls were significantly higher than in boys (80.3 ± 33.3 and 31.1 ± 9.9 vs. 73.3 ± 23.1 and 28.8 ± 8.7 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). The mean apolipoprotein A (apoA) of neonates with underweight mothers was significantly lower, and the mean apoB level of those with overweight mothers was significantly higher than other neonates. The mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), HDL‐C and apoA of the LGA newborns were significantly lower, and their apoB was significantly higher compared with AGA and SGA neonates. The SGA I neonates had significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL‐C, HDL‐C and apoA, as well as higher triglycerides, lipoprotein a and apoB than the SGA II group. The mean cord blood triglycerides of full‐term neonates was significantly higher than preterm neonates (69.4 ± 11.9 vs. 61.4 ± 12.7 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.04). A preconception maternal BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 correlated significantly with the cord triglycerides (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.07, 1.5]) and with apoB (OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.5]). The BMI <18 of mothers before pregnancy correlated with low HDL‐C (OR = 1.3, [95% CI 1.04, 1.7]). Birthweight correlated with high cord triglyceride level (SGA: OR = 1.4, [95% CI 1.1, 1.7]; LGA: OR = 1.6, [95% CI 1.3, 1.7] compared with AGA). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for the preconception BMI of mothers. Our findings reflect the possible interaction of environmental factors and fetal growth and the in utero lipid metabolism. Long‐term longitudinal studies in different ethnicities would help to elucidate the relationship.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study

Kelishadi

Badiee

Adeli

2007

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…There are several studies which demonstrated these differences are already apparent at birth (22,31). These studies showed that TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels have been higher in female versus male neonates (43). Our findings also revealed that the mean of TC and LDL-C in females were significantly more than male neonates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Determination of the Lipid Profile of Cord Blood in Neonates and its Correlation with Maternal Age in Iran

2012

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Iran; with dyslipidemia as an important contributing risk factor. Objectives: To assess the early onset of dyslipidemia, our goal was to determine lipids and lipoproteins levels in cord blood and their correlation with maternal age as a first study in Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on the cord blood of 243 healthy, full-term newborn infants (114 females and 129 males). The blood was sampled from the umbilical cord immediately after a normal delivery. The serum was tested in order to determine the lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Low density-lipoprotein (LDL-C) was computed by Friedewald equation. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between cord blood HDL-C and maternal age (r = -0.18, P <0.01). There was no relationship between other lipids and lipoproteins with maternal age. Our findings also showed the TC, TG and LDL-C mean level were significantly more and the mean level of HDL-C was significantly lower than reference value. Additionally, the mean of TC and LDL-C in female neonates were significantly more than the male (P <0.01). Also, there was no correlation between cord blood lipids and lipoproteins with birth weight and maternal body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: In a current study based on increasing maternal age, the HDL-C level in cord blood was decreased which is an independent risk factor for CVDs in adulthood.

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“…The serum (200 mL) or HDL supernatant (200 mL serum) was mixed with stigmasterol (400 mg) and heptadecanoic acid (200 mg) and then hydrolysed and transmethylated with 3% HCL‐methanol at 80°C for two hours. After the lipid fraction was separated by thin layer chromatography, the sterol and methylesterified fatty‐acid fractions were analysed by gas liquid chromatography 3 . The peaks were identified by relative retention time with internal standards (stigmasterol for cholesterol and heptadecanoic acid for fatty acids), then quantified using an integrator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in umbilical cord serum lipid levels with mode of delivery

Yoshimitsu

Douchi

Yamasaki³

et al. 1999

BJOG

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Objective To investigate whether umbilical cord serum lipid levels differ with mode of delivery.Design Retrospective observation study.Population f i o hundred and ninety mothers aged 29.1 years (SD 4.7) who had vaginal delivery, and 44 mothers aged 30.4 years (SD 4.7) who had elective caesarean section were enrolled.Main outcome measures Maternal and umbilical cord blood were obtained immediately after delivery.Serum lipid levels including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were measured. Obstetric variables and serum lipid levels were compared between the two groups. In each group the correlations of fetal serum lipid levels with maternal serum lipid levels were investigated.Results There were no significant differences in maternal age, neonatal weight, gestational duration, placental weight and neonatal gender distribution between the two groups. Only the two fetal serum lipid levels (including total cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol) showed a correlation with maternal fetal lipid levels with correlation coefficients > 0.3 in the caesarean section group. However, saturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid and total fatty acid levels in the non-high density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, intermediate density lipoprotein and free fatty acid fraction in the umbilical cord serum were significantly higher in the vaginal delivery cases ( P < 0-01).Conclusions Umbilical cord serum levels of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids increase during vaginal delivery.

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The Sex Differences in Cord-Blood Cholesterol and Fatty-Acid Levels Among Japanese Fetuses

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study

Cord blood lipid profile and associated factors: baseline data of a birth cohort study

Determination of the Lipid Profile of Cord Blood in Neonates and its Correlation with Maternal Age in Iran

Differences in umbilical cord serum lipid levels with mode of delivery

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