The severe Delhi SMOG of 2016: A case of delayed crop residue burning, coincident firecracker emissions, and atypical meteorology

Sawlani, Ravi; Agnihotri, Rajesh; Sharma, C.; Patra, Prabir K.; Dimri, A. P.; Ram, Kirpa; Verma, R. L.

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2018.12.015

Cited by 73 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The findings have important implications for the air quality in this densely populated region, which gets severely degraded during post-monsoon and winter seasons. Based on temporal changes in the dominance of biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions, the study addresses their relative roles in building-up short-term dense haze over the IGP, elucidated in earlier ground-based studies 18,20,22 . Our current findings are also in line with the wintertime abundance of volatile organic compounds over IGP 29 -which can act as aerosol precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…particular from the open burning of the agricultural residues, significantly enhance the aerosol loading over the IGP region during the study period, in addition to strong regional anthropogenic emissions 18,22,24 . Satellite-based observations (Fig.…”

Section: Influences Of Emissions: Biomass-burning Versus Anthropogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous efforts based on in-situ and satellite-based observations have revealed strong enhancements in the PM 2.5 over this region towards winter, typically every year [13][14][15][16] . PM 2.5 concentrations over the IGP region are observed to exceed the standards of World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of India, attributed to the combined effects from a variety of anthropogenic and biomass-burning emissions and meteorological conditions [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . The accumulation of aerosols in this region is further supported by the topography of Himalaya that extends from northwest to southeast and forms a corridor along the IGP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in meteorology and atmospheric dynamics can offset the benefits availed from reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Such meteorological influences, besides the elevated emission source strengths and upwind biomass-burning, highly complicate the detailed understanding of aerosol behavior over the IGP 18,[22][23][24] . The implementation of an odd-even scheme for vehicular traffic aiming to reduce its emissions in Delhi, India's capital territory, did not lead to a significant improvement in the air quality 25,26 , which highlighs the crucial need of studies on the spatio-temporal distribution of PM 2.5 over the complex environment of IGP region.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter

Ojha

Sharma

Kumar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

144

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Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 , aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) impacts the climate, reduces visibility and severely influences human health. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), home to about one-seventh of the world's total population and a hotspot of aerosol loading, observes strong enhancements in the pM 2.5 concentrations towards winter. We performed high-resolution (12 km × 12 km) atmospheric chemical transport modeling (WRF-Chem) for the post-monsoon to winter transition to unravel the underlying dynamics and influences of regional emissions over the region. Model, capturing the observed variations to an extent, reveals that the spatial distribution of PM 2.5 having patches of enhanced concentrations (≥100 µgm −3) during post-monsoon, evolves dramatically into a widespread enhancement across the IGP region during winter. A sensitivity simulation, supported by satellite observations of fires, shows that biomass-burning emissions over the northwest IGP play a crucial role during post-monsoon. Whereas, in contrast, towards winter, a large-scale decline in the air temperature, significantly shallower atmospheric boundary layer, and weaker winds lead to stagnant conditions (ventilation coefficient lower by a factor of ~4) thereby confining the anthropogenic influences closer to the surface. Such changes in the controlling processes from post-monsoon to winter transition profoundly affect the composition of the fine aerosols over the IGP region. The study highlights the need to critically consider the distinct meteorological processes of west-to-east IGP and changes in dominant sources from post-monsoon to winter in the formulation of future pollution mitigation policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influences Of Emissions: Biomass-burning Versus Anthropogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter

Ojha

Sharma

Kumar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

144

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“…PM2.5 has become one of the major issue regarding environmental degradation. Air born patrticulate matter is one of major environmental issue in urban areas of Asia [1]. PM2.5 exposiure is dangerous to human health [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variability Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration in Lahore City

Basheer¹,

Rashid²,

Nasir³

et al. 2019

Env.cont.Reviews

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In order to understand the air quality of Lahore city we analyzed the PM2.5 concentration at three sampling station Gulberg, Ravi road and Jail road from November 2017 to October 2018. Variations in concentration of PM2.5 was observed on monthly basis and also on seasonal basis. Air quality data was collected and then analyzed with the help of GIS. Concentration of PM2.5 varies 23 to 70 µg/m 3 at Gulberg station. At Jail road station values were observed between 34 and 170 µg/m 3 while Ravi road had concentration level of PM2.5 between 70 and 188 µg/m 3 . Highest concentration was observed at Ravi road while lowest concentration was observed at Gulberg sampling station. GIS maps tells us about the spatial variations of PM2.5 in the study area. Then compare the observation with NEQS, NAAQS-USEPA and WHO standards. Results shows that PM2.5 concentration was above the standards at Ravi road and Jail road stations while Gulberg had also concentration level above the standards but concentration level was below the NEQS AND NAAQS-USEPA standards during March 2018 and August 2018. Reasons of high concentration level may include industrial emissions, vehicular emissions and crop residue burning. Metrological factors also effects air quality. High level of PM2.5 concentration is an alarming situation for air quality and have direct impact on the human health as well as on other environmental factors.

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Sustainable Groundwater Management in India Needs a Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus Approach

Mukherji¹

2020

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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Groundwater depletion in India is a result of water, energy, and food policies that have given rise to a nexus where growth in agriculture has been supported by unsustainable trends in water and energy use. This nexus emanates from India's policy of providing affordable calories to its large population. This requires that input prices are kept low, leading to perverse incentives that encourage groundwater overexploitation. The paper argues that solutions to India's groundwater problems need to be embedded within the current context of its water‐energy‐food nexus. Examples are provided of changes underway in some water‐energy‐food policies that may halt further groundwater depletion.

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The severe Delhi SMOG of 2016: A case of delayed crop residue burning, coincident firecracker emissions, and atypical meteorology

Cited by 73 publications

References 73 publications

On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter

On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter

Spatial and Temporal Variability Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration in Lahore City

Sustainable Groundwater Management in India Needs a Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus Approach

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