Uncertainty is the unavoidable part of the life. In almost all circumstances, we regularly find ourselves in a state of uncertainty. Several reasons can lead to uncertainty, such as randomness, vagueness and rough knowledge. Fuzzy set (FS) theory deals with these kinds of information. Many generalizations had been made in the theory of FSs, such as intuitionistic FSs (IFSs), q-rung orthopair FSs (qROFSs), complex qROFSs (CqROFSs), spherical FSs (SFSs), T-spherical FSs (TSFSs), and complex TSFSs (CTSFSs). Among these generalizations of FSs, the CTSFSs are the most dominant generalization of the FSs. Although fuzzy relations (FRs), IF relations (IFRs) and complex FRs (CFRs) were defined in the literature, the concepts of relations have not yet been introduced in the CTSFSs. This paper unveils the novel concept of CTSF relations (CTSFRs), which provides the extensive generalizations of FRs. The proposed CTSFRs can give many generalized types of FRs, such as IFRs, CFRs, Pythagorean FRs, qROFRs, SFRs and TSFRs, etc. Additionally, some useful properties and results are obtained for CTSFRs. Moreover, a couple of applications demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed concepts. These CTSFRs can be used to depict the time-related interdependence of global market. Thus, we apply these CTSFRs to analyze the interdependence of the international trades among countries and compare the financial factors affecting business markets. Furthermore, the economic relationships with respect to time lag can be modeled by using the CTSFSs and the CTSFRs. Finally, a comparative analysis illuminates the supremacy of the proposed way in contrast with the existing ones.INDEX TERMS Fuzzy sets (FSs); T-spherical FSs (TSFSs); Complex TSFSs (CTSFSs); CTSF relations (CTSFRs); Cartesian product in CTSFSs; CTSF composite relation; Financial and economic relationships.

The current study was conducted to appraise the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration in Dalian-China and Faisalabad-Pakistan. Study was conducted for the period of one year at different stations in both cities and the results were compared according to set standards of NEQS(Pakistan), CNAAQS(China), NAAQS(USEPA) and WHO (World Health Organization). The PM2.5 concentrations in Faisalabad is variable from 22 to 49 μg/m 3 (Average 36.5 μg/m 3), whereas PM10 variation is from 109 to 164.3 μg/m 3 (148.3 μg/m 3). The PM2.5 concentrations in Dalian varied from 5.5 to 93.3 μg/m 3 (29.1 μg/m 3), whereas PM10 values varied from 10.5 to 101.1 μg/m 3 (Average 45.9 μg/m 3). Both the average PM2.5 concentration in Faisalabad, in winter season is higher than the dry summer season. Both PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were found significantly different in winter and summer seasons. The variations were considerably higher in Dalian comparing to those of Faisalabad. On average basis Faisalabad showed more PM concentrations comparing to Dalian, even higher than permissible limits set by NEQS and USEPA. Whereas the values representing Dalian are within the limits set by CNAAQS and WHO.

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Recently, there has been enormous development due to advancements in technology. Industries and enterprises are moving towards a digital system, and the oil and gas industries are no exception. There are several threats and risks in digital systems, which are controlled through cyber-security. For the first time in the theory of fuzzy sets, this research analyzes the relationships between cyber-security and cyber-crimes in the oil and gas sectors. The novel concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy relations (CIFRs) are introduced. Moreover, the types of CIFRs are defined and their properties are discussed. In addition, an application is presented that uses the Hasse diagram to make a decision regarding the most suitable cyber-security techniques to implement in an industry. Furthermore, the omnipotence of the proposed methods is explained by a comparative study.