The serum D‐xylose test as a useful tool to identify malabsorption in rats with antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction

Abstract

The inappropriate immune response to foods, such as peanut, wheat and milk may be the basis in the pathogenesis of enteropathies like coeliac and Crohn disease, which present small intestinal malabsorption. A number of recent studies have utilized d-xylose absorption as an investigative tool to study small intestinal function in a variety of clinical settings. Thus, the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption of D-xylose in an antigen-specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model. Animals of the experimental group were inoculated with peanut protein extract before their exposure to a challenge diet containing exclusively peanut seeds to induce the gut inflammatory reaction caused by peanut allergy. Our results show that systemic inoculation with peanut protein extract renders significantly higher antibody titres (5.085 +/- 0.126 units) (P < 0.0001) than control rats (0.905 +/- 0.053 units) and that the antibody titres correlate positively to an inflammatory alteration of the gut morphology (P < 0.0001). Animals pertaining to the experimental group showed an intestinal absorption of D-xylose lower than control rats (P < 0.0001). We also observed that D-xylose absorption correlates negatively with IgG titres and positively with morphometric parameters (Pearson correlation). In conclusion, the use of serum D-xylose test was useful to identify the presence of small intestinal malabsorption in our antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model.

Plant-based foods containing cell wall polysaccharides rich in specific active monosaccharides protect against myocardial injury in rat myocardial infarction models

“…Certain residues attached to the backbone may be released from polysaccharides via acid hydrolysis in the stomach25 and via glycoside hydrolase (GH) hydrolysis in the large intestine26. For example, arabinose can be released from arabinoxylan, and the arabinose generated can be absorbed into the body2728. Therefore, we hypothesized that the monosaccharides generated in the stomach and large intestine can be active components.…”

The effect of algal polysaccharides laminarin and fucoidan on colonic pathology, cytokine gene expression and Enterobacteriaceae in a dextran sodium sulfate-challenged porcine model

“…On day 56, pigs were administered a single dose of xylose ( d -(+)-xylose; 0·5 g/kg body weight; Sigma-Aldrich) 2 h prior to euthanasia by oral administration to determine subsequent serum xylose as a marker of small-intestinal absorption ( 22 ) . Serum was collected at euthanasia and serum xylose was assessed by spectrophotometry using a commercial assay kit (Megazyme).…”

Acute Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors by Anandamide Reduces Gastrointestinal Motility and Improves Postprandial Glycemia in Mice

“…To explore the possibility of an alteration of intestinal glucose absorption in anandamide-injected mice, we first performed an OXT (1 g/kg), an investigative tool to study small intestinal function (25). To verify that OXT accurately reflected the efficiency of glucose absorption, OGTT and OXT were also performed in the presence of phlorizin, a potent inhibitor of the SGLT-1 (26).…”