The Seroepidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses

Taylor, Graham P.; Bodéus, Monique; Courtois, F; Pauli, Georg; Mistro, Annarosa Del; Machuca, Ana; Pádua, Elizabeth; Andersson, Sören; Goubau, Patrick; Chieco‐Bianchi, Luigi; Soriano, Vincent; Coste, J.; Ades, A E; Weber, Jonathan

doi:10.1097/00126334-200501010-00018

Cited by 63 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, this comparison is likely to be inaccurate in view of the long time elapsed between the studies. In Europe, HTLV-1/2 prevalence was found to be 5–10 times higher in pregnant women than in blood donors, regardless of the area specific prevalence [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in Pregnant Women Living in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHTLV-1/2 infection can cause severe and disabling diseases in children and adults. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in pregnant women living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro.Methodology/Principal Findings1,204 pregnant women were tested upon hospital admission for delivery in two public hospitals in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Mesquita, between November, 2012 and April, 2013. The samples were screened by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and reactive ones were confirmed by Western blot (WB). Epi-info software was used for building the database and performing the statistical analysis. Eight patients had confirmed HTLV-1/2 infection (7 HTLV-1, one HTLV-2), equivalent to a prevalence rate of 0.66%. Two further reactive screening tests had negative Western blot results and therefore were considered negative in the statistical analysis. All HTLV-1/2-positive patients were born in Rio de Janeiro, most were non-Caucasian (87.5%), in a stable relationship (62.5%), had at least ten years of formal education (62.5%) and a monthly family income of up to US$600.00 (87.5%). There was only one case of coinfection with syphilis and none with HIV. The mean age of the infected women was 28.4 (SD = 6.3) years and of the seronegative ones was 24.8 (SD = 6.5) (p = 0.10). The median number of pregnancies were 3.0 and 1.0 (p = 0.06) and the median number of sexual partners were 3.5 and 3.0 (p = 0.33) in the seropositive and negative groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusions/SignificanceA significant prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was found in our population. The socio-epidemiological profile of carrier mothers was similar to the controls. Such findings expose the need for a public health policy of routine HTLV-1/2 screening in antenatal care, since counselling and preventive measures are the only strategies currently available to interrupt the chain of transmission and the future development of HTLV-1/2-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Intermediate seroprevalence rates have been found in pregnant women. Although not devoid of bias, this group has been proposed to represent a more reliable portrait of the general population since their prevalence data are generally able to characterize geographic areas likely to be endemic [3], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in Pregnant Women Living in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro

et al. 2014

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“…Prevalence rates for HTLV-I and II were sixfold higher in pregnant women than in blood donors in the United Kingdom (Taylor et al, 2005). A study of 6754 pregnant women in Salvador, Brazil found 0.84% to be seropositive (Bittencourt et al, 2001).…”

Section: Phylogeny and Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

et al. 2005

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“…With HTLV-2 being less studied, estimations on the number of overall carriers is harder to make, but it has been estimated to be several million (4). In Central and Western Europe, the prevalence of HTLV-1, as well as HTLV-2, has been shown to be less than 0.1% among pregnant women and 0.005% among blood donors (20, 21). The prevalence of HTLV-1 is slightly higher in countries with high immigration from HTLV-1 endemic regions (mainly Portugal, Spain, France, UK) (22).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, higher frequencies of HTLV-2 have been described among PWID (around 3%) in Sweden (23), (around 10%) in Spain and Italy (12–14), and among HIV+ PWID (14.6%) in Ireland (15). In Eastern Europe, the data regarding the prevalences of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 is largely absent except a single study from Romania where the prevalence of HTLV-1 was shown to be 0.053% among blood donors (20). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 are rare among intravenous drug users in Eastern Europe

Jõgeda

Avi

Pauskar

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Background In Europe, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 2 mainly occurs among persons who inject drugs (PWID) with prevalence up to 15% and HTLV-1 among general population with prevalence less than 1%. However, there is no data regarding the prevalence of HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 in Eastern European PWID population where HIV prevalence is relatively high. We aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of HTLV-1/HTLV-2 among PWID and healthy volunteers in Estonia. Methods The study included 345 PWID and 138 healthy volunteers. The presence of HTLV- 1/HTLV-2 was determined by nested PCR; positive and negative controls were used in every PCR run. Results The analysed PWID resembled the PWID of HIV epidemic in Estonia: mainly male (79%) with median age of 30 years (interquartile range [IQR] 25–34), and prolonged duration of intravenous drug usage (11 years; IQR 7–14). The prevalence exposure to blood-borne viral infections was high – 50% were HIV positive, 88% hepatitis C positive, 67% hepatitis B positive. Of PWID, 64% reported receptive needle sharing in the past and 18% at least once a month during last six months. None of the PWID carried HTLV-1 but there was a case of HTLV-2 (prevalence 0.3 %; 95% CI 0.1–1.6). All healthy volunteers were HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 PCR negative. Conclusion This is the first study investigating the prevalence of HTLV-1/HTLV-2 among high risk population and healthy volunteers in Eastern European region. Our results suggest that despite other widely spread blood-borne infections (e.g. HIV, HBV, HCV) HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are rare among PWID in Estonia.

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The Seroepidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses

Cited by 63 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in Pregnant Women Living in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro

Prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in Pregnant Women Living in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

Human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 are rare among intravenous drug users in Eastern Europe

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