The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.<sup>1</sup> IV. Further Investigations Concerning Variables Involved in the Separation of Samarium, Neodymium and Praseodymium

Spedding, F. H.; Fulmer, Ellis I.; Butler, T.A.; Powell, J.E.

doi:10.1021/ja01162a003

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Separations of samarium from gadolinium have been effected by the reduction of gadolinium to the metal. 7. Yttrium metal was produced by this method but the percentage yield was not as high as that of the rare earth metal investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Methods uorked out in these b.boratories ( 7,8), involving the adsorption on an Amberlite or a high capacity resin bed and elution with citrate solutions at the appropriate pH values, provided th€ rare earth compounds of the necessary purity. The procedure used to prepare impure metallic cerium had to be modified in order to procure very pure metals.…”

Section: Isc-149mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

Spedding¹,

Daane²

1952

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The production of over 400 grams of pure gadolinium metal by reduction of the anhydrous chloride by calcium in tantalum vessels is described; yields were over 97%. The use of the same techniques in an attempt to prepare yttrium metal were partially successful. Keywords Ames Laboratory ABSTRACTThe production of over 400 grams of pure gadolinium metal by reduction of the anhydrous chloride by calcium in tantalum vessels is described; yields were over 97%. The use of the same techniques in an attempt to prepare yttrium metal were partially successful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Isc-149mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

Spedding¹,

Daane²

1952

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“…T h e effect of the colun~n dinlensions was roughly the same as in the case of citric acid (19,20). Little further separation \vas gained by increasing the length of a colun~n beyond a definite limit, although n-it11 a fixed volume of resin the characteristics of the elution curves became more pronouncecl as the ratio of length to diameter was increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The elenlents of higher atomic number, which formed the inore stable coinplex ions u~it11 citric acid, were collected in correspondingly earlier portions of the eluate. Careful control ol p1-I ancl ion co~~centrations was necessary to achieve the desired ion-exchange and exploit to a m a x i~~~u n~ the slight differences in behavior of the elements (19,20). However, with the large volun~es of eluate and fi~~-t-her separations requirecl, the purification of appreciable quantities of these elements still remained laborious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Separation of the Rare Earths by Ion-Exchange Procedures

Fitch¹,

Russell²

1951

Can. J. Chem.

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T h e iminocliacetic acids ha\^ been examined a s possible complesing agents in the chromatographic separation of the rare earths \\-it11 cation exchange rcsitis. The a n i r n o~i i~~m salts of these acids form cotiiples ions in\~olving both one ant1 two iniinodiacetate ions of increasing staRility with the rare carth elements of greater atomic number. A~Ietliods greatly reducing the time and material req~~iremelits arc presented for the separation of thc cerium group elements \vith nitrilotriacetic a c~d . IntroductionConsiderable success ill the separation of the rare earth eleinents has been achieved recently in tlle application of chromatogi-aphic techniques to cation exchange resins (6, 18, 21.). Elution wit11 a con~plesi~lg agent, generally citric acid, was found to move the adsorl~ecl rare earth ions thl-ough an excha~lger bed a t different rates. The elenlents of higher atomic number, which formed the inore stable coinplex ions u~it11 citric acid, were collected in correspondingly earlier portions of the eluate. Careful control ol p1-I ancl ion co~~centrations was necessary to achieve the desired ion-exchange and exploit to a m a x i~~~u n~ the slight differences in behavior of the elements (19,20). However, with the large volun~es of eluate and fi~~-t-her separations requirecl, the purification of appreciable quantities of these elements still remained laborious.T h e iminocliacetic acids, RN(CH?COOH)t, are excellent conlplexing agents for most cli-ancl trivalent cations, and interest in the present work has centered on their clevelop111ent as eluting agents for the rare earth elements. These compounds are weak acids \vith "znritterion" or dual type ion formation causing considerable difference in the dissociation of the acid groups.\?Then partially neutl-alized, these acids readily for111 complex ions with most cations, chelate fol-mation occurring through the nitrogen and acid groups. In many cases, basic ions are indicated a t high pH values and often the metal hydroxide may be precipitated on adclitioll of strong base. For personal use only.

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“…The similar chemical properties such as oxidation state in aqueous environments and ionic radius make separation of the lanthanides very challenging. Many techniques have been used to separate lanthanides including ion‐exchange , solvent extraction , vacuum distillation , and membrane‐based separations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of tertiary pyridine resin for the separation of lanthanides by simulated moving‐bed chromatography

Sreedhar

Suzuki

Hobbs

et al. 2014

J of Separation Science

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Lanthanide separation by simulated moving-bed chromatography was studied as a model system for separating lanthanide fission products and minor actinides from used nuclear fuels. The simulated moving-bed system was modeled for a tertiary pyridine anion-exchange resin supported on silica particles as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 1 M nitric acid as the mobile phase. Pulse injection tests using a single packed column were used to obtain chromatographic parameters for mathematical modeling of the simulated moving-bed system. Higher concentrations of methanol improved the separation, but the chromatograms showed evidence of nonlinearity of the isotherms. The mathematical model of the simulated moving-bed process predicted a production rate of purified samarium and neodymium at 118 g solute/L resin/day and a purity of 99.5%. The optimal methanol ratio for the production rate for various product purities was determined from the model. The excellent separation of Nd and Sm suggests that the simulated moving-bed system could be applied to the separation of minor actinides such as americium and curium.

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The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.¹ IV. Further Investigations Concerning Variables Involved in the Separation of Samarium, Neodymium and Praseodymium

Cited by 32 publications

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The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

The Separation of the Rare Earths by Ion-Exchange Procedures

Evaluation of tertiary pyridine resin for the separation of lanthanides by simulated moving‐bed chromatography

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The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.1 IV. Further Investigations Concerning Variables Involved in the Separation of Samarium, Neodymium and Praseodymium

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

The Preparation of Rare Earth Metals

The Separation of the Rare Earths by Ion-Exchange Procedures

Evaluation of tertiary pyridine resin for the separation of lanthanides by simulated moving‐bed chromatography

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The Separation of Rare Earths by Ion Exchange.¹ IV. Further Investigations Concerning Variables Involved in the Separation of Samarium, Neodymium and Praseodymium