The sense of body ownership in schizophrenia: research in the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Mirucka, Beata

doi:10.12740/pp/44964

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It is not yet understood whether an altered SoO or SoA may contribute to the distorted bodily self-experiences in BPD patients. One current hypothesis is that, similar to patients suffering from schizophrenia (8)(9)(10), patients with BPD also have a weakened sense of self that manifests itself in a disturbed SoO experience (11) as well as hyperplastic body representation (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Senses of Agency and Ownership in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2020

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Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) not only experience a strong instability in their affect and interpersonal relations but also disturbances in their self-experience, including dissociation and body-alienation symptoms. It is not yet understood whether an altered sense of ownership (SoO) or sense of agency (SoA) may contribute to these disturbances. One recent hypothesis is that patients with BPD have a reduced sense of self and are therefore more likely to misattribute external objects or actions to their own self than healthy individuals. The present study followed up this hypothesis by investigating whether BPD patients have a more flexible body representation than healthy participants. More specifically, the active rubber hand illusion (aRHI) was applied to 21 patients with BPD and the same number of healthy participants. Using established subjective, electrodermal, and behavioral measures, the participants' SoO and SoA were assessed during the aRHI. The findings show self-reported evidence for higher SoO under anatomical hand congruency as compared to anatomical incongruency, but no evidence for group differences between BPD patients and healthy participants. This finding is inconsistent with previous findings of an enhanced SoO-related body plasticity in BPD patients. Regarding SoA, the findings show self-report evidence of higher SoA in BPD patients versus healthy participants, although this group difference was not evident in the implicit SoA measure (intentional binding). In summary, the present study only reveals partial evidence for a higher body plasticity in BPD patients. Instead, the observed variability in results appears better explainable by some generally elevated perceptual suggestibility of BPD individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Senses of Agency and Ownership in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…Regarding visuotactile BTIs, a majority of studies found that individuals within the SCZ-S show higher SoO ratings during BTI induction than HC. More specifically, out of the k = 11 studies addressing this research question, k = 7 studies found evidence for higher SoO ratings 20,[34][35][36] or embodiment ratings [30][31][32] in individuals within the SCZ-S, k = 2 studies found the opposing effect (i.e., lower SoO ratings 33,40 in individuals within the SCZ-S) and k = 2 studies did not find any group differences 18,29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Of the studies that found higher SoO or embodiment ratings in SCZ-S populations, Thakkar et al's RHI study 31 reported higher embodiment scores for both synchronous and asynchronous stroking, whereas the RHI studies by Mirucka 34 and Peled et al 35,36 solely implemented a synchronous visuotactile RHI condition and reported higher SoO scores. The RHI study by Zopf et al 30 , in turn, not only conducted classical synchronous and asynchronous stroking conditions, but also (a)synchronous conditions applied with an LED (for visual feedback) and a tactile stimulator (for tactile feedback) attached to the participants' index fingers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In total, k = 15 studies addressed the question of whether SCZ-S individuals are more susceptible to BTIs than HC. Out of these, k = 10 studies based their investigation on visuotactile BTIs, whereby k = 8 used an RHI [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] , k = 1 an FBI 20 and k = 1 a PHI setup 18 . Another k = 4 studies relied on visuomotor BTIs, whereby k = 2 applied the moving RHI 37,38 , k = 1 the MB paradigm 19 and k = 1 a visuomotor PHI 39 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Schizophrenia has been viewed as a disorder of the self. Accordingly, the question arises if and how senses of ownership and agency are impaired in schizophrenia. To address this question, several body transfer illusions (BTIs) have been investigated in schizophrenia patients and other schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ-S) populations. The objective of the study was to systematically review the current evidence from BTIs in the SCZ-S. A systematic literature search in PubMed and CENTRAL (search date: February 12, 2022) was conducted on BTI studies carried out in SCZ-S populations. Studies were included if they were published in English after peer review, reported original research data, related to the SCZ-S, and used a BTI as its study method. Conference papers, study protocols, and reviews were excluded. For each included BTI study, various study characteristics and outcomes were retrieved, and a risk-of-bias score was calculated based on six study quality criteria. K = 40 studies were identified, of which k = 20 studies met the eligibility criteria. For BTI paradigms using visuotactile stimulation, most studies found elevated sense of ownership ratings in SCZ-S populations compared to healthy controls (HC). Implicit illusion measures (e.g., proprioceptive drift), in turn, did not generally indicate elevated embodiment levels in SCZ-S populations. Likewise, no consistent group differences emerged between SCZ-S populations and HC with respect to BTI paradigms using visuomotor stimulation. Furthermore, BTI vividness was found to correlate significantly with core symptoms of schizophrenia and various subclinical characteristics related to the SCZ-S. In line with the self-disturbance hypothesis, SCZ-S populations appear to be affected by aberrations in bodily self-awareness. Review registration: PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022287960).

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“…investigating the effect of the teardrop glasses on memory (Experiments 2 and 3) were robust, showing that while participants who scored low in schizotypy reported little effect from wearing the teardrop glasses, participants with high schizotypy reported a much greater effect. People with schizophrenia compared to healthy people (Mirucka, 2016), or people with high schizotypy compared to those with low schizotypy (Asai et al, 2011), are more likely to experience the rubber hand illusion. As those previous studies, results we obtained in this research can be attributed to schizophrenia's or high-schizotypy's disruptions in the sense of body ownership.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What “Tears” Remind Us of: An Investigation of Embodied Cognition and Schizotypal Personality Trait Using Pencil and Teardrop Glasses

et al. 2020

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Facial expressions influence our experience and perception of emotions-they not only tell other people what we are feeling but also might tell us what to feel via sensory feedback. We conducted three experiments to investigate the interaction between facial feedback phenomena and different environmental stimuli, by asking participants to remember emotional autobiographical memories. Moreover, we examined how people with schizotypal traits would be affected by their experience of emotional facial simulations. We found that using a directed approach (gripping a pencil with teeth/lips) while remembering a specific autobiographical memory could successfully evoke participants' positive (e.g., happy and excited)/negative (e.g., angry and sad) emotions (i.e., Experiment 1). When using indirective environmental stimuli (e.g., teardrop glasses), the results of our experiments (i.e., Experiments 2 and 3) investigating facial feedback and the effect of teardrop glasses showed that participants who scored low in schizotypy reported little effect from wearing teardrop glasses, while those with high schizotypy reported a much greater effect in both between-and within-subject conditions. The results are discussed from the perspective of sense of ownership, which people with schizophrenia are believed to have deficits in.

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The sense of body ownership in schizophrenia: research in the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Senses of Agency and Ownership in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

The Senses of Agency and Ownership in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

What “Tears” Remind Us of: An Investigation of Embodied Cognition and Schizotypal Personality Trait Using Pencil and Teardrop Glasses

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