The Selective Antibacterial Action of Phenylethyl Alcohol

Lilley, B.D.; Brewer, John H.

doi:10.1002/jps.3030420103

Cited by 83 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The addition of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) to a nonselective medium has been suggested (Lilley and Brewer 1953) as a method for increasing selectivity of growth media for Gram-positive bacteria. The action of PEA is primarily due to the break down of the Gram-negative cell membrane and secondary due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis once it has entered the cell (Silver and Wendt 1967;Shigi 1989;Corre et al 1990;Lucchini et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of total and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in fresh and ambient-temperature-stored sub-tropical marine fish

Bulushi

Poole²,

Deeth

et al. 2008

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The current study was undertaken to enumerate Gram-positive bacteria in fresh sub-tropical marine fish and determine the effect of ambient storage (25°C) on the Gram-positive bacterial count. Total and Gram-positive bacteria were enumerated in the muscles, gills and gut of fresh and stored Pseudocaranx dentex, Pagrus auratus and Mugil cephalus on tryptone soya agar (TSA) and TSA with 0.25% phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), respectively. Initial studies indicated that PEA significantly reduced total aerobic bacterial count (TABC) whereas control Grampositive bacteria were not affected by 0.25% PEA. TABC significantly increased in all fish body parts, whereas Gram-positive aerobic bacterial count (GABC) significantly increased only in the muscles and gills during ambient storage for 15 h. The TABC of the fish species increased from 4.00, 6.13 and 4.58 log cfu g -1 , respectively in the muscles, gills, and gut to 6.31, 7.31 and 7.23 log cfu g -1 by the end of storage. GABC increased from 2.00, 3.52 and 2.20 log cfu g -1 to 4.70, 5.85 and 3.36 log cfu g -1 . Within each species, TABC were significantly higher in the gills compared to that of muscles and gut; however, no significant differences were found in GABC between muscles and gills. This study demonstrated the potential importance of Gram-positive bacteria in subtropical marine fish and their spoilage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of total and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in fresh and ambient-temperature-stored sub-tropical marine fish

Bulushi

Poole²,

Deeth

et al. 2008

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…PEA causes a quick and reversible interruption in the permeability of bacterial cells, which affect the function of intracellular organs and also inhibit the DNA synthesis [8,10,[14][15][16]. Recently, Fang et al [17] reported about the antimicrobial activity of combination of caprylyl glycol, PEA, and glyceryl caprylate with respect to the particle size of the emulsion, and they found that the antimicrobial ability of the mixture was improved progressively when the particle size of the emulsion increases from 100 to 900 nm.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity Of Cosmetic Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEA is commonly used in flavor and fragrance industries because of its flowery odor. The bacteriostatic activity of PEA was primarily reported by Lilley and Brewer [8], later studies revealed that PEA inhibits the DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli but not RNA and protein synthesis [9]. The bacteriostatic activity of PEA depends on the ability to impair the permeability of bacterial cell wall and increase the efflux rate of cellular potassium through the energydependent potassium pump [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenethyl Alcohol Is an Effective Non-Traditional Preservative Agent for Cosmetic Preparations

Sirilun¹,

Chaiyasut²,

Sivamaruthi³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Preservatives are used in the cosmetic products to protect the potential growth of microbes, therefore, to prolong the shelf life of products, and to protect the consumer from infections. However, several preservatives can cause various health problems, and the safety profiles of those preservatives are still unclear. Many natural substances are used in the cosmetic products to substitute the traditional preservatives. The present study deals with the evaluation of conservative nature of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) in three cosmetic formulations (emulsion, cleansing, and conditioner).Methods: Three different concentrations of PEA (0.3%, 1%, and 2.5%) were used in cosmetic formulations. The physical appearance of the formulas was assessed manually, and the antimicrobial nature of PEA and PEA-containing cosmetic formulations was evaluated by agar well plate assay. Results:The use of PEA has not affected the physical appearance and quality of the formulations, except the high concentration of PEA in the cleansing solution, which reduced the foam formation. The minimal required concentration of PEA in emulsions and cleansings was 1.0% and 2.5% in the conditioners. All cosmetic preparations were subjected to antibacterial and antifungal evaluation. The alkaline pH (>8) affected the antimicrobial activity of PEA in a cosmetic product. Conclusion:The results suggested that PEA is a potent non-traditional preservative for the cosmetic formulations, especially, in the emulsion, cleansing solutions, and conditioners.

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“…Since the description of bacteriostatic properties of 2-phenylethanol (PEA) [ 1 ] there have been numerous investigations concerning the action of this agent on a variety of biological systems. These include: influence on cell growth in cell cultures [2,3], isolated cell components [4], bacteria [5][6], fungi [7], and on bacteriophages [8,9] ;effects on the synthesis of macromolecules in,bacteria [ 10,11 ], viruses [ 12 ], mammalian cells [13], experimental tumour cells [14][15][16][17], and in vitro systems [18,19] ; action on yeast cells [20,21 ] ;influence on enzyme activities [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of 2‐phenylethanol and 1,1′‐dimethylphenylethanol on metabolic activity and cell membrane function in ehrlich ascites tumour cells

1973

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The Selective Antibacterial Action of Phenylethyl Alcohol

Cited by 83 publications

References 1 publication

Quantitative assessment of total and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in fresh and ambient-temperature-stored sub-tropical marine fish

Quantitative assessment of total and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in fresh and ambient-temperature-stored sub-tropical marine fish

Phenethyl Alcohol Is an Effective Non-Traditional Preservative Agent for Cosmetic Preparations

Influence of 2‐phenylethanol and 1,1′‐dimethylphenylethanol on metabolic activity and cell membrane function in ehrlich ascites tumour cells

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