The search for determinants of chronic depression: a review of six factors

Child Maltreatment and Adult Living Standards at 50 Years

“…a For retrospective reports at 45 years, information was obtained via direct computer data entry derived from the Personality and Total Health Through Life Project, 22 originating from the Parental Bonding Instrument, 23 British National Survey of Health and Development, 24 and the US National Comorbidity Survey. 25 Participants were instructed: "The following are statements about your childhood. For each, please say whether the statement applies to you."…”

Co-Occurring Chronic Depression and Alcohol Dependence: A Novel Treatment Approach

“…Individuals with CDAD typically report a high rate of adverse early home environments, a lifelong history of intrapersonal and interpersonal failure, and an earlier onset of d i s o r d e r s . T h e y h a v e h i g h e r r a t e s o f comorbidities, a more severe course of illness, and they demonstrate a predominant interpersonal style of avoidance and detachment [9,11,12]. Early abuse or trauma history impairs development of adequate interpersonal coping skills, resulting in depression, social isolation, or withdrawal for many in this population [13].…”

Distimia: características históricas e nosológicas e sua relação com transtorno depressivo maior

“…-convergem na produção da desregulação do sistema de recompensa 8 . Eventos de vida estressantes na infância [20][21][22][23] são muito freqüentes.…”