Child Maltreatment and Adult Living Standards at 50 Years

Pereira, Snehal M Pinto; Li, Leah; Power, Chris

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1595

Cited by 58 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The discussed pathways comprise altered health behaviour, encompassing a higher risk for substance abuse and risky sexual behaviour (Abajobir, Kisely, Williams, Strathearn, & Najman, 2017; Jewkes, Dunkle, Nduna, Jama, & Puren, 2010; Norman et al, 2012) and higher rates of smoking (Edwards, Anda, Gu, Dube, & Felitti, 2007; Taha, Galea, Hien, & Goodwin, 2014), as well as strikingly increased rates of mental health problems and suicide attempts (Lereya, Copeland, Costello, & Wolke, 2015; Norman et al, 2012; Winsper, Lereya, Zanarini, & Wolke, 2012). Hypothesized socioeconomic aspects comprise impaired social networks and relationships (Colman & Widom, 2004; Sperry & Widom, 2013), lower academic achievement (Fry et al, 2017; Tanaka, Georgiades, Boyle, & MacMillan, 2015) and lower socioeconomic status (Currie & Widom, 2010; Pinto Pereira, Li, & Power, 2017; Zielinski, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of child maltreatment subtypes and long-term physical health in a German representative sample

Clemens

Huber‐Lang

Plener

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Child maltreatment is a major public problem, associated with enormous consequences on the individual and socioeconomic level. Studies show a clear impact of child maltreatment on long-term physical health. However, there is a lack of analyses comprising a wide variety of subtypes of maltreatment and addressing cumulative effects of different maltreatment subtypes experienced during childhood on physical health. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to assess the association of different subtypes and the intensity of child maltreatment with long-term physical health outcomes. Methods: In a cross-sectional observational approach, a representative sample of the German population (N=2510) was assessed regarding socioeconomic information, their current health status, and their experiences of child maltreatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Chi2-Tests were performed to compare differences of physical health conditions in adulthood in association with child maltreatment and binary regression analyses to assess the relationship of physical health and number of different subtypes of maltreatment experienced during childhood. Results: Odds increased significantly for obesity (1.8), diabetes (1.26), cancer (1.28), hypertension (1.16), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.51), history of myocardial infarction (1.29) and stroke (1.31) with increasingenhancing number of experienced subtypes of child maltreatment. Growing intensity of each subtype of maltreatment was associated with higher rates of all assessed physical health conditions, which could point towards a dose-dependency of the relationship between maltreatment and long-term physical health. Conclusions: Child maltreatment is associated with increased odds for the leading morbidity and mortality causes in Germany. Interventions encompassing secondary and primary preventive strategies are critical to target this major public health problem and its devastating consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of child maltreatment subtypes and long-term physical health in a German representative sample

Clemens

Huber‐Lang

Plener

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Sexual abuse Of the five studies which presented data on CSA, three relied on a single item to identify sexual abuse (Pinto Pereira et al, 2016;Strøm et al, 2013;Tanaka et al, 2011) while two used more detailed questions (Fergusson et al, 2013;Mullen et al, 1994). All studies used retrospective self-report to measure CSA with three collecting data when participants were adolescents or young adults (Fergusson et al, 2013;Strøm et al, 2013;Tanaka et al, 2011), and two when participants were older adults (Mullen et al, 1994;Pinto Pereira et al, 2016). All studies focused on lifetime exposure to CSA before the age of 16 with the exception of Strøm et al (2013) who focused on past year exposure.…”

Section: Insert Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies presented data on CPA. All used self-report to measure maltreatment with two using retrospective measures when participants were young adults (Strøm et al, 2013;Tanaka et al, 2011) and two when participants were older adults (Mullen et al, 1994;Pinto Pereira et al, 2016). Covey et al (2013) was the only study to prospectively measure CPA through selfreport over five survey waves when participants were aged 11-21 years.…”

Section: Physical Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between child maltreatment and adult poverty – A systematic review of longitudinal research

Bunting

Davidson

McCartan

et al. 2018

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Child maltreatment is a global problem affecting millions of children and is associated with an array of cumulative negative outcomes later in life, including unemployment and financial difficulties. Although establishing child maltreatment as a causal mechanism for adult economic outcomes is fraught with difficulty, understanding the relationship between the two is essential to reducing such inequality. This paper presents findings from a systematic review of longitudinal research examining experiences of child maltreatment and economic outcomes in adulthood. A systematic search of seven databases found twelve eligible retrospective and prospective cohort studies. From the available evidence, there was a relatively clear relationship between 'child maltreatment' and poorer economic outcomes such as reduced income, unemployment, lower level of job skill and fewer assets, over and above the influence of family of origin socio-economic status. Despite an extremely limited evidence base, neglect had a consistent relationship with a number of long-term economic outcomes, while physical abuse has a more consistent relationship with income and employment. Studies examining sexual abuse found less of an association with income and employment, although they did find a relationship other outcomes such as sickness absence, assets, welfare receipt and financial insecurity. Nonetheless, all twelve studies showed some association between at least one maltreatment type and at least one economic measure. The task for future research is to clarify the relationship between specific maltreatment types and specific economic outcomes, taking account of how this may be influenced by gender and life course stage.

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“…Low SES is in and of itself, a powerful chronic stressor that has been linked to disrupted neuroendocrine regulation and impaired health [for review, (Seeman et al, 2010)]. Nonetheless, it was beyond the scope of this study to discern whether lower SES was more of an effect of psychopathology or a risk factor for it (Koenen et al, 2007;Pinto Pereira et al, 2016) Another limitation of our study was the small sample-size that precluded us from assessing toddler gender and age effects on the outcomes. That being said, studies of cortisol levels among very young children have not thus far found significant gender differences (Bright et al, 2014).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on mother and child diurnal cortisol rhythm and cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor involving separation

Cordero

Moser

Manini

et al. 2017

Hormones and Behavior

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Women who have experienced interpersonal violence (IPV) are at a higher risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and impaired social behavior. Previously, we had reported impaired maternal sensitivity and increased difficulty in identifying emotions (i.e. alexithymia) among IPV-PTSD mothers. One of the aims of the present study was to examine maternal IPV-PTSD salivary cortisol levels diurnally and reactive to their child's distress in relation to maternal alexithymia. Given that mother-child interaction during infancy and early childhood has important long-term consequences on the stress response system, toddlers' cortisol levels were assessed during the day and in response to a laboratory stressor. Mothers collected their own and their 12-48month-old toddlers' salivary samples at home three times: 30min after waking up, between 2-3pm and at bedtime. Moreover, mother-child dyads participated in a 120-min laboratory session, consisting of 3 phases: baseline, stress situation (involving mother-child separation and exposure to novelty) and a 60-min regulation phase. Compared to non-PTSD controls, IPV-PTSD mothers - but not their toddlers, had lower morning cortisol and higher bedtime cortisol levels. As expected, IPV-PTSD mothers and their children showed blunted cortisol reactivity to the laboratory stressor. Maternal cortisol levels were negatively correlated to difficulty in identifying emotions. Our data highlights PTSD-IPV-related alterations in the HPA system and its relevance to maternal behavior. Toddlers of IPV-PTSD mothers also showed an altered pattern of cortisol reactivity to stress that potentially may predispose them to later psychological disorders.

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Child Maltreatment and Adult Living Standards at 50 Years

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has established effects on mental health. Less is known about its influence on adult economic circumstances. We aimed to establish associations of child maltreatment with such outcomes and explore potential pathways.

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Association of child maltreatment subtypes and long-term physical health in a German representative sample

Association of child maltreatment subtypes and long-term physical health in a German representative sample

The association between child maltreatment and adult poverty – A systematic review of longitudinal research

Effects of interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on mother and child diurnal cortisol rhythm and cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor involving separation

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