The scorpions of the western part of the United States, with notes on those occurring in northern Mexico

Ewing, Hannah

doi:10.5479/si.00963801.73-2730.1

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Many scorpion species present spermatozoa gathered in sperm packages in the male genital system (end of testes tubes and seminal vesicle) and in the spermatophores (Peretti & Battán‐Horenstein, 2003; Vignoli et al ., 2008; Michalik & Mercati, 2010). The presence of sperm packages was first described by Jespersen & Hartwick (1973) in Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing, 1928 (Iuridae). Unfortunately, very little information was provided in that contribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny

Vrech¹,

Peretti²,

Mattoni³

2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Sperm packages are widespread in the order Scorpiones, but absent in the family Buthidae. The morphology of sperm packages is diverse and apparently has phylogenetic information. The objectives of this work were to show diversity of sperm packages and to provide a quantitative basis for using sperm packages' morphology as a taxonomic character. For this, we conducted a morphological analysis and comparison of the different sperm packages of species of the family Bothriuridae. The seminal content from males of species of Bothriuridae was studied. Specimens from Iuridae, Buthidae, Euscorpiidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae, Vaejovidae, Chaerilidae, and Chactidae were used for comparison. Digital images of sperm packages were measured and statistically analysed based on the following variables: total length, head width, head-body angle, total area, and head length. Pairs of variables were also contrasted, and all the variables were correlated with the current phylogenetic hypothesis for Bothriuridae. High morphological diversity and variability in measures was observed. In general, measurements were similar within each genus, but differed amongst genera. Cane-like sperm packages are very common in species of the family Bothriuridae. Species from Bothriurus show a wide range of sperm package shapes, some of them shared with Timogenes and Vachonia species, supporting the idea of nonmonophyly of the genus. Many species showed sperm package dimorphism inside a single male. Some of the analysed features fit well with the phylogenetic hypothesis in Bothriuridae, and the general package shape shows high correlation with scorpion phylogeny in other families. Bent and round packages are the most common amongst the different families. Sperm packages are not developed in Chaerilidae, as in Buthidae. This is the first morphological and comparative analysis of sperm packages in scorpions, and reveals much greater diversity in this trait than previously known. Our results reinforce the idea that the study of morphology of sperm packages would contribute characters for scorpion phylogeny at different levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny

Vrech¹,

Peretti²,

Mattoni³

2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The only previous data on anaerobic metabolism in scorpions was the finding by Long & Kaplan (1968) that Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (1928), possessed a high activity of the enzyme D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase (dLDH). This same enzyme is found in high activity in spiders (Long & Kaplan 1968;Prestwich & Ing 1982) where it is associated with production of D-(-)-lactate at rates that depend on the species and intensity of activity; measurable accumulations may be found after 5 to 10 s of intense running or struggle (Prestwich 1983a(Prestwich ,b, 1988a.…”

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confidence: 98%

Anaerobic Metabolism and Maximal Running in the Scorpion Centruroides Hentzi (Banks) (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Prestwich¹

2006

Journal of Arachnology

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“…Surprisingly, the instances of refuge in debris did not account for a substantial portion of records by itself. In previous literature, rock beds and rubble account for a majority of the target areas when searching for Centruroides (Ewing 1928, Hadley and Williams 1968, Hadley 1971, Crawford and Krehoff 1975, Likes et al 1984, Polis 1990, which might imply that structures compete with debris when scorpions are making harborage choices. It has also been suggested that burrow use is occasional and typically provides escape from lethal temperatures (Hadley 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploration of Refuge Preference in the Arizona Bark Scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Bibbs¹,

Bengston²,

Gouge³

2014

Environ Entomol

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The ongoing difficulty in understanding how Centruroides sculpturatus (Ewing) uses the built environment has prompted this study in exploring refuge choices in a school environment and in laboratory behavioral assays. Radio telemetry tags were used at an urban site heavily populated with C. sculpturatus to track scorpions for a period of 21 d from 1 to 21 August 2013. Complimentary laboratory work tested scorpions in refuge choice arenas targeting variables of four crevice widths--14.0, 9.3, 7.0, and 4.6 mm--or of a vertical versus horizontal orientation preference. These crevice sizes were picked as a response to crevices being naturally used in the field. Telemetry and observations tallied significant preference for artificial structural harborage. Ninety-five percent of the structure refuge use occurred in hollow block walls. Vegetative harborage, debris, and underground burrows were not selected with any significance compared with each other or structures. Generalized additive models (GAMs) indicated the strongest predictive power from individual preference. The behavioral choice assays yielded a significant preference for the largest of crevice widths offered, 14.0 mm and to a lesser extent 9.3 mm, both horizontally and vertically. GAMs for these assays indicated size as the strongest predictive factor in choices. The orientation tests and GAMs showed individual preference driving choice favoring vertical planes. Observations about negative geotaxis in assay and refuge use details from the field are also reported.

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The scorpions of the western part of the United States, with notes on those occurring in northern Mexico

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny

Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny

Anaerobic Metabolism and Maximal Running in the Scorpion Centruroides Hentzi (Banks) (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Exploration of Refuge Preference in the Arizona Bark Scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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