The ‘Scientific Approach’ to Intelligence: An Overview of Its History with Special Reference to Mental Speed

Berger, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68664-1_2

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Intelligence and Reaction Times However, tests of reaction time rather than sensory discrimination have proved to be the most durable source of efforts to correlate experimentally derived psychological indexes with psychometric intelligence (Beck, 1933;Jensen, 1987a). Underpinning such research has been the notion that one of the foundation pillars of intelligence is some form of mental speed (Berger, 1982;Vernon, 1987b). Despite Hunt's (1980) warning that an attempt to find an information-processing function underlying intelligence would be as unsuccessful as the search for the Holy Grail (Hunt, 1980, p. 457), there has been a revival of interest in reaction time indexes as indicators of intelligence (Detterman, 1987;Juhel, 1991;Vernon, 1987b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?

Deary

1995

Developmental Psychology

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Inspection time (IT) is an index of speed of perceptual processing that correlates at moderate levels with tests of mental ability. A key issue has been the question of the direction of causation: is IT causal to individual differences in intellectual ability, or is a fast IT a consequence of having a high IQ? The direction of causation was assessed by administering auditory inspection time (AIT) tests and tests of verbal and nonverbal ability to 104 school children at age 11, and 2 years later at 13 years. Three competing structural equation models were tested by using the cross-lagged panel data: that AIT at age 11 causes later IQ; that IQ at age 11 causes later AIT; and that there is equal reciprocal causation. Various goodness-of-fit indexes indicated that the first model was the most acceptable. AIT accounted for about 6% of the variance in cognitive ability 2 years later. I thank Vincent Egan, who helped in the collection of data forthe first test session of this study, and Peter Caryl, who wrote computer programs for the control of the auditory stimuli.

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confidence: 99%

Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?

Deary

1995

Developmental Psychology

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“…In spite of the numerous studies carried out to see if mental speed with which operations are carried out is part of the "g" (general) factor, the problem still remains a "vexed question" (Berger, 1982). Some investigators consider processing speed and intelligence as independent factors and have invoked a speed-power distinction (McFarland, 1928;Thurstone, 1937).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dysfluency‐fluency: Implications of a New Cognitive Style for Reading Consultation

Aaron

Whitefield²

1990

Journal of Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities Internat

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“…psychometric intelligence tests are able to perform various mental processes more efficiently than subjects who score lower on these tests. (For a more complete overview of the various kinds of tasks that have been used to study intelligence, see Berger, 1982;Sternberg, 1984. ) Although this technique for studying human intelligence has identified a number of significant correlations between task parameters and scores on psychometric ability tests, it has also been subject to some important criticisms.…”

Section: Yale Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarity effects in visual comparison tasks and their implications for studying human intelligence.

Tetewsky¹

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of prior knowledge on cognitive processes related to human intelligence by examining its role in defining task novelty. In Experiment 1, Ss performed a letter-matching task involving same-different judgments based on 4 rules of sameness: physical identity, form, system, and name. When the stimuli were unfamiliar, performance on the name classification task was correlated with measures of fluid abilities, whereas when the stimuli were familiar, performance on this task was not correlated with measures of fluid abilities. In Experiment 2, Ss performed 3 different forms of a mental rotation task. When the stimuli were unfamiliar, the slope of the rotation function was correlated with a test of fluid ability, whereas when the stimuli were familiar, the slope of the rotation function was not correlated with a test of fluid ability. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the nature of task complexity and the way knowledge and processing interact in the development of skilled performance.

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The ‘Scientific Approach’ to Intelligence: An Overview of Its History with Special Reference to Mental Speed

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?

Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?

Dysfluency‐fluency: Implications of a New Cognitive Style for Reading Consultation

Familiarity effects in visual comparison tasks and their implications for studying human intelligence.

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