Auditory inspection time and intelligence: What is the direction of causation?

Abstract

Inspection time (IT) is an index of speed of perceptual processing that correlates at moderate levels with tests of mental ability. A key issue has been the question of the direction of causation: is IT causal to individual differences in intellectual ability, or is a fast IT a consequence of having a high IQ? The direction of causation was assessed by administering auditory inspection time (AIT) tests and tests of verbal and nonverbal ability to 104 school children at age 11, and 2 years later at 13 years. Three competing structural equation models were tested by using the cross-lagged panel data: that AIT at age 11 causes later IQ; that IQ at age 11 causes later AIT; and that there is equal reciprocal causation. Various goodness-of-fit indexes indicated that the first model was the most acceptable. AIT accounted for about 6% of the variance in cognitive ability 2 years later. I thank Vincent Egan, who helped in the collection of data forthe first test session of this study, and Peter Caryl, who wrote computer programs for the control of the auditory stimuli.

An Exploratory Study on the Relationship between Creativity and Processing Speed for Gifted Children

“…Combining suggestions and findings of prior studies (Brand, 1981;Davidson & Sternberg, 1984;Deary, 1995;Jensen, 1982;Preckel et al, 2006;Shore & Lazar, 1996), we may conclude that creativity, giftedness, and processing speed are interrelated, and the relationships among the three might vary based on the structure of conducted tasks and types of cognitive processing skills involved in these tasks.…”

“…3; might accumulate to large differences in abilities such as creativity, vocabulary, and performance (Brand, 1981;Jensen, 1982). Furthermore, a high speed of processing in basic mental functions is found to make higher cognitive operations, such as creative thinking, more efficient (Deary, 1995).…”

“…After Roth's (1964) study, which documented a higher speed of processing in brighter subjects, several empirical studies were conducted to investigate the influence of processing speed on other cognitive abilities including creativity (Deary, 2000;Neubauer, 1997). Deary (1995) regarded processing speed as an important factor for the development of cognitive abilities including creativity. The speed of processing, during the early stages of perception, is documented to determine the development of mental abilities; since, throughout years, small individual differences in processing speed ies.ccsenet.org…”

Effects of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing in adults with Type I diabetes

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Who uses base rates andP(D/∼H)? An analysis of individual differences

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