The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Rigby, J. Keith; Perrin, Marshall D.; McElwain, Michael W.; Kimble, Randy A.; Friedman, Scott L.; Lallo, Matt; Doyon, René; Feinberg, Lee; Ferruit, Pierre; Glasse, Alistair; Rieke, M. J.; Rieke, G. H.; Wright, Gillian; Willott, Chris J.; Colón, Knicole D.; Milam, Stefanie N.; Neff, Susan G.; Stark, Christopher C.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Abell, Jim; Abney, Faith; Abul-Huda, Yasin M.; Scott, Acton, D.; Adams, Evan M.; Adler, David; Aguilar, Jonathan; Ahmed, Nasif; Li, Albert; Alberts, Stacey; Aldridge, David C.; Allen, Marsha; Altenburg, Martin; Alvarez, Marquez, Javier; Oliveira, Catarina Alves de; Andersen, Greg; Anderson, Harry L.; Anderson, Sara; Argyriou, Ioannis; Armstrong, Amber; Arribas, S.; Artigau, Étienne; Arvai, Amanda; Atkinson, Charles M.; Bacon, Gregory; Bair, Thomas B.; Banks, Kimberly C.; Barrientes, Jaclyn; Barringer, Bruce R.; Bartosik, Peter; Bast, William D.; Baudoz, Pierre; Beatty, Thomas G.; Bechtold, Katie; Beck, Tracy; Bergeron, E.; Bergkoetter, Matthew D.; Bhatawdekar, Rachana; Birkmann, Stephan M.; Blazek, Ronald; Blome, Claire; Boccaletti, A.; Boeker, Torsten; Boia, John; Bonaventura, Nina; Bond, Nicholas A.; Bosley, Kari; Boucarut, Ray; Bourque, Matthew; Bouwman, J.; Bower, Gary; Bowers, Charles W.; Boyer, Martha L.; Bradley, Larry; Brady, G.P.; Braun, Hannah; Breda, David; Bresnahan, Pamela; Bright, Stacey N.; Britt, C. T.; Bromenschenkel, Asa; Brooks, Brian; Brooks, Keira; Brown, Robert E.; Brown, Matthew A.; Brown, Patricia D.; Bunker, A. J.; Burger, M. H.; Bushouse, H.; Cale, Steven; Cameron, Alex; Cameron, Peter J‎.; Canipe, Alicia; Caplinger, James; Caputo, Francis J.; Cara, Mihai; Carey, Larkin; Carniani, Stefano; Carrasquilla, María Cristina; Carruthers, Margaret; Case, Michael; Catherine, Riggs; Chance, Don M.; Chapman, George B.; Charlot, S.; Charlow, Brian; Chayer, P.; Chen, Bin; Cherinka, Brian; Chichester, Sarah; Chilton, Zack; Chonis, Taylor S.; Clampin, Mark; Clark, Charles R.; Clark, Kerry L.; Coe, Dan; Coleman, Benee; Comber, Brian; Comeau, Thomas; Connolly, Dennis; Cooper, James Fenimore; Cooper, Cary L.; Coppock, Eric; Correnti, Matteo; Cossou, Christophe; Coulais, A.; Coyle, Laura; Cracraft, M.; Curti, Mirko; Cuturic, Steven; Davis, Katherine; Davis, Michael J.; Dean, Bruce H.; Amy, DeLisa,; deMeester, Wim; Dencheva, Nadia; Dencheva, Nadezhda; DePasquale, Joseph; Jeremy, Deschenes,; Detre, Örs Hunor; Díaz, Rosa María; Dicken, Dan; DiFelice, Audrey; Dillman, Matthew; Dixon, William G; Doggett, J. B.; Donaldson, Tom; Douglas, Rob; DuPrie, Kimberly; Dupuis, J.; Durning, John; Easmin, Nilufar; Eck, Weston; Edeani, Chinwe; Egami, Eiichi; Ehrenwinkler, Ralf; Eisenhamer, J.; Eisenhower, Michael J.; Elie, Michelle; Elliott, James M.; Elliott, Kyle H.; Ellis, T. O.; Engesser, Michael; Espinoza, N.; Etienne, Odessa; Etxaluze, M.; Falini, Patrick; Feeney, Matthew; Ferry, Malcolm; Filippazzo, Joseph; Fincham, Brian; Fix, Mees; Flagey, Nicolas; Florian, Michael; Flynn, Jim; Fontanella, Erin; Ford, Terrance; Forshay, P.; Fox, O.; Franz, David Neal; Fu, Henry; Fullerton, A. W.; Galkin, Sergey; Galyer, Anthony; Marín, Macarena García; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Gardner, Lisa; Garland, Dennis; Garrett, Bruce C.; Gasman, Danny; Gáspár, András; Gaudreau, D.; Gauthier, Peter; Geers, V. C.; Geithner, Paul; Gennaro, Mario; Giardino, G.; Girard, Julien; Giuliano, Mark; Glassmire, Kirk; Glauser, Adrian M.; Glazer, Stuart D.; Godfrey, John J.; Golimowski, D. A.; Gollnitz, David; Gong, Feilong; Gonzaga, S.; Gordon, Michael; Gordon, K. D.; Goudfrooij, Paul; Greene, Thomas P.; Greenhouse, Matthew A.; Grimaldi, Stefano; Groebner, Andrew; Grundy, Timothy; Guillard, P.; Gutman, Irvin; Ha, Kong Q.; Haderlein, Peter; Hagedorn, Andria; Hainline, Kevin; Haley, C. S.; Hami, Maryam; Hamilton, F.; Hammel, Heidi B.; Hansen, Carl J.; Harkins, Tom; Harr, Michael W.; Hart, Jessica; Hart, Quyen N.; Hartig, G.; Hashimoto, Ryan; Haskins, Sujee; Hathaway, William E.; Havey, Keith; Hayden, Brian; Hecht, Karen A.; Heller-Boyer, C.; Henriques, Caroline; Henry, Alaina; Hermann, Karl Friedrich; Scarlin, Hernandez,; Hesman, B. E.; Hicks, Brian M.; Hilbert, B.; Hines, Dean C.; Hoffman, Melissa; Holfeltz, S. T.; Holler, Bryan J.; Hoppa, Jennifer; Hott, Kyle; Howard, Joseph M.; Howard, Rick; Hunter, Alexander; Hunter, David J.; Hurst, Brendan; Husemann, B.; Hustak, Leah; Ilinca, Ignat, Luminita; Illingworth, G. 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R.; Maschmann, Marc; Masci, Gregory; Masciarelli, Michaela; Maszkiewicz, Michael; Mather, John C.; Kenny, McKenzie,; McLean, B.; McMaster, Matthew; Katie, Melbourne,; Meléndez, M.; Menzel, Michael; Merz, Kaiya; Meyett, Michele; Meza, Luís; Miskey, Cherie L.; Misselt, K. A.; Moller, Christopher; Morrison, Jane Gray; Morse, Ernie; Moseley, H.; Mosier, Gary E.; Mountain, Matt; Julio, Mueckay,; Mueller, Michael; Mullally, Fergal; Murphy, Jess; Murray, Katherine T.; Murray, Claire; Mustelier, David; Muzerolle, James; Mycroft, Matthew; Myers, R; Myrick, Kaila; Nanavati, Shashvat; Nance, Elizabeth; Nayak, Omnarayani; Naylor, B. J.; Nelan, Edmund; Nickson, Bryony; Nielson, Alethea; Nieto-Santisteban, María; Nikolov, Nikolay; Noriega-Crespo, A.; OʼShaughnessy, Brian A.; O’Sullivan, Brian; Ochs, William; Ogle, Patrick; Oleszczuk, Brenda; Olmsted, Joseph; Osborne, Shannon L.; Ottens, R. 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L.; Ridgaway, Michael; Ritchie, Christine S.; Rix, Hans─Walter; Robberto, M.; Robinson, Gregory H.; Robinson, Michael E.; Robinson, Orion; Rock, Frank; Rodríguez, David; Pino, Bruno Rodríguez Del; Roellig, Thomas L.; Rohrbach, Scott; Roman, Anthony; Romelfanger, Fred; Perry, Rose,; Roteliuk, Anthony; Roth, Marc; Rothwell, Braden; Rowlands, Neil; Roy, Arpita; Royer, P.; Royle, P.; Rui, Chunlei; Rumler, Peter; Runnels, Joel; Russ, Melissa; Rustamkulov, Zafar; Ryden, Grant; Ryer, H.; Modhumita, Sabata,; Sabatke, Derek; Sabbi, E.; Samuelson, Bridget; Sapp, Benjamin; Sappington, Bradley; B., Sargent,; Sauer, Arne E.; Scheithauer, S.; Schlawin, Everett; Schlitz, Joseph; Schmitz, Tyler; Schneider, Analyn; Schreiber, J.; Schulze, Vonessa; Schwab, Ryan; Scott, John; Sembach, Kenneth R.; Shanahan, Clare; Shaughnessy, Bryan; Shaw, Richard E.; Shawger, Nanci; Shay, Christopher; Sheehan, Evan; Shen, Sharon; Sherman, A.; Shiao, B.; Shih, Hsin-Yi; Shivaei, Irene; Sienkiewicz, Matthew; Sing, David K.; Sirianni, M.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Skipper, Joy; Sloan, G. C.; Slocum, Christine; Slowinski, Steven; Smith, Erin M.; Smith, Eric E.; Smith, Denise L.; Smith, Corbett; Snyder, Gregory F.; Soh, Warren; Sohn, Tony; Soto, Christian De la Medina; Spencer, Richard P.; Stallcup, Scott S.; Stansberry, J.; Starr, C. H.; Starr, Elysia; Stewart, Alphonso; Stiavelli, M.; Straughn, Amber N.; Strickland, David; Stys, Jeff; Summers, Francis; Sun, Fengwu; Sunnquist, Ben; Swade, Daryl A.; Swam, M.; Swaters, Robert A.; Swoish, Robby; Taylor, Joanna M.; Taylor, Rolanda; Plate, Maurice te; Tea, Mason; Teague, Kelly; Telfer, Randal; Temim, Tea; Thatte, Deepashri; Thompson, Christopher C.; Thompson, Linda F.; Thomson, Shaun; Tikkanen, Tuomo; Tippet, William; Todd, Connor; Toolan, Sharon; Tran, H. D.; Trejo, Edwin; Truong, Justin; Tsukamoto, Chris; Tustain, Samuel; Tyra, Harrison; Úbeda, Leonardo; Underwood, Kelli; Uzzo, M.; Campen, Julie Van; Vandal, Thomas; Vandenbussche, B.; Vila, Begoña; Volk, Kevin; Wahlgren, G. 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doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.05632

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The JWST data include a variety of interesting features that we attempt to ameliorate. For "snowballs" (e.g., Section 6 of Rigby et al 2022), thought to be charge deposition related to cosmic-ray hits, we use the standard STScI pipeline removal method. For "wisps" created by optical reflections, we downloaded NIRCam data obtained in unlensed extragalactic For dark current subtraction, photometric calibration, and flat fielding, we used the STScI pipeline (jwst_0995.pmap).…”

Section: Imaging Detection and Photometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

Robertson

Tacchella

Johnson

et al. 2023

ApJL

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The dramatic first images with JWST demonstrated its power to provide unprecedented spatial detail for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Here, we leverage the resolution and depth of the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey data in the Extended Groth Strip to perform pixel-level morphological classifications of galaxies in JWST F150W imaging using the Morpheus deep-learning framework for astronomical image analysis. By cross-referencing with existing photometric redshift catalogs from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CANDELS survey, we show that JWST images indicate the emergence of disk morphologies before z ∼ 2 and with candidates appearing as early as z ∼ 5. By modeling the light profile of each object and accounting for the JWST point-spread function, we find the high-redshift disk candidates have exponential surface brightness profiles with an average Sérsic index 〈n〉 = 1.04 and >90% displaying “disky” profiles (n < 2). Comparing with prior Morpheus classifications in CANDELS we find that a plurality of JWST disk galaxy candidates were previously classified as compact based on the shallower HST imagery, indicating that the improved optical quality and depth of the JWST helps to reveal disk morphologies that were hiding in the noise. We discuss the implications of these early disk candidates on theories for cosmological disk galaxy formation.

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Section: Imaging Detection and Photometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

Robertson

Tacchella

Johnson

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…We perform this exercise using spatially resolved measurements of PAH emission extracted from galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey 3 (SINGS; Kennicutt et al 2003). We quantify the influence of evolved stars on PAH emission and propose a revised calibration of the PAH-based SFR estimator, which has promising applications for observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (Rigby et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Evolved Stars to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Heating and Implications for Estimating Star Formation Rates

Zhang

2023

ApJ

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Emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a promising tool for estimating star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies, but the origin of its sources of excitation, which include not only young but possibly also old stars, remains uncertain. We analyze Spitzer mid-infrared mapping-mode spectroscopic observations of the nuclear and extranuclear regions of 33 nearby galaxies to study the contribution of evolved stars to PAH emission. In combination with photometric measurements derived from ultraviolet, Hα, and infrared images, the spatially resolved spectral decomposition enables us to characterize the PAH emission, SFR, and stellar mass of the sample galaxies on subkiloparsec scales. We demonstrate that the traditional empirical correlation between PAH luminosity and SFR has a secondary dependence on specific SFR, or, equivalently, stellar mass. Ultraviolet-faint regions with lower specific SFRs and hence a greater fraction of evolved stars emit stronger PAH emission at fixed SFR than ultraviolet-bright regions. We reformulate the PAH-based SFR estimator by explicitly introducing stellar mass as a second parameter to account for the contribution of evolved stars to PAH excitation. The influence of evolved stars can explain the sublinear correlation between PAH emission and SFR, and it can partly account for the PAH deficit in dwarf galaxies and low-metallicity environments.

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“…Here we remove three objects from the LBG+photoz sample. One is an artifact known as "dragon's breath" in the JWST artifact nomenclature (Rigby et al 2022). One partially falls in a gap in F090W, and one is a large faint blob next to bright objects.…”

Section: Visual Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. X. Rest-frame UV-optical Properties of Galaxies at 7 < z < 9

Leethochawalit

Trenti

Santini

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We present the first James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam-led determination of 7 < z < 9 galaxy properties based on broadband imaging from 0.8 to 5 μm as part of the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science program. This is the deepest data set acquired at these wavelengths to date, with an angular resolution ≲0.″14. We robustly identify 13 galaxies with signal-to-noise ratio ≳ 8 in F444W from 8 arcmin2 of data at m AB ≤ 28 from a combination of dropout and photometric redshift selection. From simulated data modeling, we estimate the dropout sample purity to be ≳90%. We find that the number density of these F444W-selected sources is broadly consistent with expectations from the UV luminosity function determined from Hubble Space Telescope data. We characterize galaxy physical properties using a Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting method, finding a median stellar mass of 108.5 M ⊙ and age 140 Myr, indicating they started ionizing their surroundings at redshift z > 9.5. Their star formation main sequence is consistent with predictions from simulations. Lastly, we introduce an analytical framework to constrain main-sequence evolution at z > 7 based on galaxy ages and basic assumptions, through which we find results consistent with expectations from cosmological simulations. While this work only gives a glimpse of the properties of typical galaxies that are thought to drive the reionization of the universe, it clearly shows the potential of JWST to unveil unprecedented details of galaxy formation in the first billion years.

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The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images

The Contribution of Evolved Stars to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Heating and Implications for Estimating Star Formation Rates

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. X. Rest-frame UV-optical Properties of Galaxies at 7 < z < 9

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