The Science of Bone Cement: A Historical Review

DiMaio, Frank R

doi:10.3928/0147-7447-20021201-21

Cited by 69 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows the fraction of area containing reinforcing particles with respect to the total investigated area, as detected by SEM-EDS. These results are not directly comparable with the amount of powder introduced for two reasons: the differences in specific volume (6.02 g/cm 3 for BaTiO 3 , 3.26 g/cm 3 for AlN and 4.23 g/cm 3 for TiO 2 , but only 1.18 g/cm 3 for PMMA) may cause precipitations and the intensity of the X-ray emission measured by SEM-EDS is a function of the chemical element and is usually stronger for heavier elements such as barium when compared to aluminum. The large statistical dispersions shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In dentistry and orthopedics, thermosetting PMMA-based resins have been successfully used for decades [2]. The most common application in these fields are as "bone cement", acting as a filler for bone losses, or as a "glue" between bone and prosthetic/orthopedic implants [3]. Orthodontic implants made of PMMA cements can also be used as long term bone-substitutes in load bearing applications, if the load is not excessive [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial 3D-printed PMMA/ceramic composites

Marin

Mukai

Boschetto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Following the rising interested on 3D-printed technologies, this research explores the possibility to use stereo-lithography to 3D print PMMA resins reinforced with up to 15% in weight of antibacterial ceramic powders. Three different reinforcements were tested, following previous literature data: aluminum nitride, titanium oxide and barium titanate. Between the three powders, the most uniform dispersion was achieved using aluminum nitride. Initial screenings with mixed and cured composite resins showed that between the three composite materials, only aluminum nitride or barium titanate PMMA showed a clear antibacterial effect when compared to the pristine reference, with aluminum nitride being the most effective against E. coli. When 3D printed using stereo-lithography, the composite containing aluminum nitride showed an even higher degree of dispersion and comparable antibacterial effects. Moreover, aluminum nitride reinforced PMMA resins showed good mechanical properties, comparable to the basic resin, and could be further strengthened by a standard post-curing process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial 3D-printed PMMA/ceramic composites

Marin

Mukai

Boschetto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The prevalence of skeletal diseases and disorders is on a sharp increase, due to the ageing population. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements are widely used for treating these conditions [1][2][3][4][5]. Specifically, they are used to fix metallic implants and restore fractured or diseased spines, bones, and joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

Hamajima

Ozawa

Saruta

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as an initiator on the biocompatibility of bone cement. Rat spine bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on two commercially available PMMA-BPO bone cements and a PMMA-TBB experimental material. After a 24-h incubation, more cells survived on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Cytomorphometry showed that the area of cell spread was greater on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression, and matrix mineralization showed that the osteoblastic differentiation was substantially advanced on the PMMA-TBB. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that polymerization radical production within the PMMA-TBB was 1/15–1/20 of that within the PMMA-BPO. Thus, the use of TBB as an initiator, improved the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based material.

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“…Based on the obtained results, the formulated adhesives can be used in conjunction with sternal cable ties (current standard method) to offer optimal fixation for patients and reduce post-operative complications such as bacterial infection and pain from micro-motion. [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] . The skeleton, a structural framework of the body, is essential for our daily activities such as walking, sitting and breathing.…”

Section: Author's Declarationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acrylic cement was developed in the 1930s for dental applications [88]. In the 1950s, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was utilised in cranioplasty, and in the 1960s, it was used in a total hip replacement (THR) procedure [88][89][90][91]. Recent developments of calcium-phosphate cements such as HA and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) have facilitated the integration of cements with bone [90].…”

Section: Cementingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design & development of a novel glass polyalkenoate cement for sternal fixation and repair, in the event of median sternotomy surgery

Alhalawani¹

2021

Preprint

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Median sternotomy surgery is the gold standard for cardiac/thoracic procedures such as open-heart surgery. With over one million median sternotomy surgeries performed worldwide every year, sternal wound complications pose a serious risk to the health of affected patients. Various techniques have been used for sternal fixation including wiring, plate-screw systems and cementing. The ideal sternal closure device is the one which has mechanical properties suited to the local environment, biocompatibility, radio-opacity, cost-effectiveness and ease of removal when necessary. None of the techniques that have been utilized for sternal fixation to date address all of these requirements. Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) have a long history of use in restorative and orthodontic dentistry and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery but have yet to be indicated for musculoskeletal applications. This dissertation relates to the development of new GPC-based adhesives for use in sternal closure. A series of novel glasses based on the system 48SiO2-(36-X) ZnO-6CaO-8SrO-2P2O5-XTa2O5 with X varying from 0.0 to 8.0 mole percentage were fabricated and characterized. The structural features as a function of Ta2O5 content were investigated by network connectivity (NC) calculations, x-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR). The thermal properties of the glasses were obtained by performing simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The effect of glass structure on pH and solubility was also evaluated. The formulated glasses were used to prepare GPC adhesive materials and tested for their suitability for sternal fixation. The data collected has confirmed that substituting up to 0.5 mole percentage of ZnO with Ta2O5 in the glass system under study resulted in the formation of adhesives that are deemed suitable for sternal fixation. The formulated cements, based on the use of glasses containing no greater than 0.5 mole percentage of Ta2O5 have rheology, strength, radiopacity, antibacterial and in-vitro behavior suitable for sternal fixation. To the best knowledge of the candidate, this dissertation is the first to report the use of tantalum-containing GPC-based adhesives for sternal closure. Based on the obtained results, the formulated adhesives can be used in conjunction with sternal cable ties (current standard method) to offer optimal fixation for patients and reduce post-operative complications such as bacterial infection and pain from micro-motion.

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The Science of Bone Cement: A Historical Review

Cited by 69 publications

References 88 publications

Antibacterial 3D-printed PMMA/ceramic composites

Antibacterial 3D-printed PMMA/ceramic composites

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

Design & development of a novel glass polyalkenoate cement for sternal fixation and repair, in the event of median sternotomy surgery

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