The Saxifraga rivularis complex in Svalbard: Molecules, ploidy and morphology

Guldahl, Ane S.; Gabrielsen, Tove M.; Scheen, Anne‐Cathrine; Borgen, Liv; Steen, Snorre W.; Spjelkavik, Sigmund; Brochmann, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2005.01.003

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The polyploidy itself exerts a differentiating effect among populations, and it is known that recurrent polyploidy can create genetically distinct populations (Soltis and Soltis 2000;Soltis et al 2004;Kellner et al 2014). Moreover, as here other studies have demonstrated differences among cytotypes at genetic and morphological levels (Guldahl et al 2005;Keeler and Davis 1999;Tacuatiá et al 2012b;Khadivi-Khub et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…(García-Fernández et al 2013), Borderea chouardii (Li et al 2006), Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter (Bacchetta et al 2013); Saxifraga florulenta Moretti (Szövényi et al 2009); S. rivularis Schult. (Guldahl et al 2005); and Rosa subsect. Caninae (DC.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Additionally, cytotypes are similar in embryo sac anatomy and features of this structure favour sexual reproduction for H. lahue. Morphological analyses have been successfully utilised in some cases to discriminate cytotypes in Saxifraga rivularis (Guldahl et al 2005), Andropogon gerardii Vitman (Keeler and Davis 1999), and Sisyrinchium micranthum (Tacuatiá et al 2012b), or species complexes, e.g., Satureja bachtiarica Bunge (Khadivi-Khub et al 2014). However, in other situations, the discriminating power of morphometric analysis is low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unclear whether other floral characters are suitable for distinguishing hexaploids and octoploids of H. lahue. Often, morphological studies on species that share cytotypic variation have led to the discovery of subtle differences between cytotypes, typically in terms of floral characteristics (Keeler and Davis 1999;Guldahl et al 2005;Tacuatiá et al 2012b;Kellner et al 2014). Cytotypes from H. lahue can possibly be discriminated by combining analysis of morphological and molecular characters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation between two self-compatible cytotypes of Herbertia lahue (Iridaceae): evidence from genotypic and phenotypic variation

et al. 2016

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The polyploid species Herbertia lahue (Molina) Goldblatt is widespread in the grassland areas of southern America. In this study, genotypic and phenotypic variations among hexaploids and octoploids from H. lahue were assessed based on quantitative floral traits and ISSR markers. Additionally, gynoecium and breeding systems were analysed through anatomical analysis and hand-pollination experiments. Cytotypes are self-compatible, and the anatomy of the embryo sac remains similar in hexaploids and octoploids. AMOVA indicates that hexaploid populations are less genetically variable than octoploids (respectively 4 and 22 %, P \ 0.001), thus the largest source of genetic variation for H. lahue lies among populations (82 %, P \ 0.001), probably a combined effect of selfing, changes in population size, and local adaptation. Genetic variation between cytotypes was significant (16 %, P \ 0.001), though unclear segregation among cytotypes was discovered through PCoA. A Mantel test indicated no relationship between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.04; P = 0.37), possibly as a result of the combined effect of the recurrent origin of polyploids, gene flow restricted by selfing, and poor capacity for seed dispersal. In terms of floral measurements, eight measures of perigonium, androecium, and gynoecium varied significantly between cytotypes, though no clear grouping was defined by PCA. Presumably, complex variation in floral characters across cytotypes may result in the absence of distinct grouping by PCA. The combined use of ISSR markers and morphological characters revealed a complex relationship between H. lahue cytotypes shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation between two self-compatible cytotypes of Herbertia lahue (Iridaceae): evidence from genotypic and phenotypic variation

et al. 2016

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“…The S. rivularis lineage provides an additional example of recent polyploid speciation in Beringia. It is most likely derived from the circumpolar S. hyperborea and the Beringian S. bracteata lineages, and its perfect additivity in genome size suggests a recent origin (Jørgensen et al 2006; also supported by isozyme data [Guldahl et al 2005] and cpDNA sequences ; TM Gabrielsen and C Brochmann, unpublished data]). After a single polyploid origin in Beringia, probably some glacial cycles ago, it expanded and diverged into two subspecies, the amphiAtlantic ssp.…”

Section: Pleistocene Speciation Resulting In Species Recognised Taxonmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

Brochmann

Brysting

2008

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Traditionally, the Arctic has been viewed as an 'evolutionary freezer' with low evolutionary rates caused by extreme environmental constraints and depauperated by repeated glaciations. This view has been modified in recent years. Here we summarise recent studies demonstrating a very high diversity relative to the age of the arctic ecosystem (2-3 million years). Arctic species' diversity is underestimated in the sense that most arctic plants are polyploids, combining the genomes of several ancestral species and that they may contain considerable hidden diversity as cryptic species. There are now many examples of arctic species that originated in the Pleistocene, via divergent evolution or successively higher-level polyploidizations, following hybridization. Apart from genetic diversity associated with polyploid origin, many arctic plants show considerable variation both within and among populations. Genetic diversity varies with breeding system, frequency of inter-and intraspecific hybridization, and history in terms of refugial isolation and range shifts. Many cold-adapted species probably proliferated in vast tundra populations during most of the Pleistocene, followed by broad-fronted postglacial recolonisation resulting in little loss of genetic diversity. Migration at the beginning and end of warm and cold periods is likely to be an important driver of diversification. Molecular data have now provided ample evidence for extreme long-distant colonisation ability of many arctic plants. Local variants may thus spread over vast distances and create multiple hotspots for evolutionary novelty, and it is possible that even small differences in immigration history may have a considerable effect on the evolutionary emergence of diversity.

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